This article surveys the responses of British travellers to Rome in the long eighteenth century, as expressed in topographical literature, correspondence and diaries, and considers how these were shaped by changing domestic preoccupations. British depictions of the city in its ancient and modern state are compared with the accounts that they would have encountered in the topographical literature and prints available in Rome and in the information offered to them by the local ciceroni. This comparison highlights revealing differences between the Rome that the Romans sought to project and the one the British wished to see.One of the characteristic features of the Grand Tour, and one that gives it some validity as a heuristic concept, is the remarkable degree of homogeneity in the experiences of travellers to Italy. The British travelled together in groups, following a fairly standard itinerary; they sought out the same sights and monuments; and they read the same guidebooks in preparation: a volume such as Joseph Addison's Remarks on Several Parts of Italy (1705) reached its twentieth edition in 1810. Yet the way in which the British perceived and responded to the cities through which they passed, or understood and interpreted the art, antiquities or buildings that they saw, underwent subtle but distinct modifications over the course of the long eighteenth century. The topographical literature produced at the time -the guides, tours and antiquarian descriptions, the journals and diaries of travellers and their letters home -reveals how the representation of Rome and its monuments evolved over the course of the eighteenth century, mirroring changes in sensibility and intellectual concerns at home. The most important of these was, perhaps, the shift in the balance of the relationship between the emergent sense of British national identity and the ideal of ancient Rome in British culture. 1 It is important to recognise, however, that the accounts of Rome that survive in these sources also drew heavily on material derived from Italian guidebooks and antiquarian publications, or from the information conveyed by the Italian ciceroni who guided British tourists around Rome. 2 The comparison offered here between British