Observations and analysis of a stratification-destratification event in a tropical estuary

Uncles, R.J.; Ong, Jin Eong; Gong, W. K.

doi:10.1016/0272-7714(90)90018-m

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Onedimensional model results compare well with the evolution of the stratification in shelf seas (Simpson and Sharples 1991). The onset and duration of stratification have also been predicted successfully in estuaries, provided the along-channel salinity gradient is varied according to observations (Sharples et al 1994;Uncles et al 1990). Sharples et aL.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

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Mechanisms and variability of salt transport in partially-stratified estuaries

Bowen¹

2000

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…A simple description of the momentum balance in an estuary, used in a number of studies (Larsen 1977;Sharples et al 1994;Uncles et al 1990;Nunes Vaz and Simpson 1994), contains the interaction of a tidal flow, an along-channel salinity gradient, and vertical mixing,…”

Section: Momentum Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms and variability of salt transport in partially-stratified estuaries

Bowen¹

2000

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“…Buoyancy effects in mangrove swamps Uncles et al (1990) studied the dynamics of a large, mangrove-fringed, estuary in Malaysia. This estuary receives a large fairly steady fresh-b tidal river h mangrove swamp - Fig.…”

Section: Lateral Trapping In Mangrove Swampsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamics of mangrove swamps and their coastal waters

Wolanski

1992

Hydrobiologia

101

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Mangrove swamps help control the tidal hydrodynamics of many tropical estuaries. They generate an asymmetry of the tidal currents in both the tidal creeks and the mangrove swamps. This results in self-scouring of the tidal channels. Mangrove land reclamation results in siltation of the channel. Mangrove swamps control the flushing rates of the estuaries through the lateral trapping effect. Lateral trapping leads to the aggregation of mangrove litter along slick lines. Evapotranspiration plays a role in the hot dry season by forming a salinity maximum zone which isolates the estuary from the coastal waters for several months of the year. In the absence of runoff, evapotranspiration in the hot dry season generates an inverse estuarine circulation which can trap high salinity mangrove water, and mangrove detritus, along the bottom of a mangrove creek. This bottom layer can become anaerobic. Groundwater flow appears to play a key role in the nutrient budget of mangrove creeks, exporting salt left behind by evapotranspiration, and inhibiting runoff after rainfall. Particulates and dissolved nutrients outwelled from mangrove swamps to coastal waters are retained in a coastal boundary layer. This coastal boundary layer water can be trapped along the shore for long periods if the coast is straight and mangrove-fringed and the coastal waters are shallow. Headlands inhibit coastal trapping because they enhance mixing. Nutrient-rich coastal boundary layer waters may be ejected offshore as tidal jets peeling off headlands and locally enriching offshore waters.

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“…The Merbok estuary is situated in the state of Kedah, Malaysia (58 409N, 1008 259E) and situated at the north-western entrance to the Malacca Straits as shown in Figure 1 27 Ong et al, 27,28 Uncles et al, 29,30 Dyer et al 31 and Simpson et al 32 have all described various physical aspects of this estuary.…”

Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Modelling effects of mangroves on tsunamis

Teo

Falconer

Lin

2009

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Water Manag

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The hydrodynamic effects of estuarine mangrove trees on tsunami currents have been studied in this paper. An existing two-dimensional depth-integrated numerical model, with both the effects of drag force induced by mangrove trees and the blockage effects on the water flow through mangrove swamps, have been included. To investigate how these trees affect the attenuation of the tsunami current at the head of the estuary, one idealised case has been considered with mangrove trees distributed along the whole channel. This model has been used to simulate the water level variations and velocities induced by tsunami currents at three locations along the centre of the channel. Recorded data of tide elevation during a historical tsunami have been used to set up the open seaward boundary condition in this model. Three cases of different diameters and densities of idealised mangrove trees have been studied to examine the significance of the vegetation on the current attenuation. It was found that mangrove trees have a significant impact on the hydrodynamic processes of tsunami waves. The model has also been set to simulate these tsunami currents in a real estuary, namely the Merbok estuary, Kedah, Malaysia. Simulations have been undertaken for the swamp area and main river, for both conditions of with and without mangrove trees, with the aim of studying the effects of mangrove trees on the hydrodynamic processes during a tsunami. Comparisons of velocity profiles and water elevations for both cases have been undertaken. These results show that the mangroves help in reducing the effects of a tsunami in the main river and swamp areas.

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Observations and analysis of a stratification-destratification event in a tropical estuary

Cited by 29 publications

References 16 publications

Mechanisms and variability of salt transport in partially-stratified estuaries

Mechanisms and variability of salt transport in partially-stratified estuaries

Hydrodynamics of mangrove swamps and their coastal waters

Modelling effects of mangroves on tsunamis

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