Observational Study on the Turbulent Structure of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer under Stable Conditions

Yamamoto, Susumu; Yokoyama, Osayuki; Gamo, Minoru

doi:10.2151/jmsj1965.57.5_423

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…On the other hand, the Minnesota data (Caughey et al, 1979) indicate a faster decrease of W'B' with height. Yokoyama et al (1979), using measurements taken on a 313 m tower near Tokyo, found n, = 1.5, but their data show large scatter. Brost and Wyngaard (1978) used a linear w'8' profile when calculating the average heat flux in the NBL and Sorbjan (1984) the upper parts of the NBL.…”

Section: Heat Fluxmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Nieuwstadt (1984) found from the Cabauw measurements that n2 = 1.5 and indicated that the Minnesota data also confirm this value. Yokoyama et al (1979) mention the values of 1 to 2 for n2, whereas Yamamoto et al (1979) found a value of 1, but large scatter characterized their data.…”

Section: Momentum Fluxmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Assuming that a, = a, (for the same data set), Pasquill and Smith (1983) suggest m3 = 4.6 and n3 = 1. Nieuwstadt (1984) found m3 = 5.1 and n3 = 1.5 from the Cabauw measurements (note that b = q2/2) and Yokoyama et al (1979) found that for aQa&,, n3 is between 1 and 2. Some observations from the Cabauw tower showed non-decreasing TKE profiles in the NBL where the strong influence of gravity waves could be demonstrated (e.g., de Bass and Driedonks, 1985).…”

Section: Turbulent Kinetic Energymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…He predicted that local scales of turbulent quantities can be expressed as functions of z/L(z) only, approaching constant values as z/L(z) + co (this was supported by several data sets from Cabauw). Yokoyama et al (1979) had earlier suggested using the same scaling laws effective in the surface layer by replacing surface values by local ones. The effect of the turbulent scale profile is considered by replacing z in the above-mentioned relations with the following length scale:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A numerical model study of the structure and similarity scaling of the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL)

Lacser

Arya

1986

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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A one-dimensional numerical model based on the equations of mean motion and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), with Delage's (1974) mixing-length parameterization has been used to simulate the mean and turbulent structure ofthe evolving stably stratified nocturnal boundary layer (NBL). The model also includes a predictive equation for the surface temperature and longwave radiational cooling effects.In the absence of advective and gravity wave effects, it is found that the model-simulated structure, after a few hours of evolution, could be ordered fairly well by a similarity scaling (u *0, 0*0, L,, and h) based on surface fluxes and the NBL height. Simple expressions are suggested to describe the normalized profiles of momentum and heat fluxes, TKE, eddy-viscosity and energy dissipation. A good ordering of the same variables is also achieved by a local scaling (U * , 0*, and L) based on the height-dependent local fluxes. The normalized TKE, eddy viscosity and energy dissipation are unique functions of z/L and approach constant values as z/L + co, where L is the local Monin-Obukhov length. These constants are close to the values predicted for the surface layer as z/L + co, thus suggesting that the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory can be extended to the whole NBL, by using the local (height-dependent) scales in place of surface-layer scales. The observed NBL structure has been shown to follow local similarity (Nieuwstadt, 1984).

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Section: Heat Fluxmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Momentum Fluxmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Turbulent Kinetic Energymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A numerical model study of the structure and similarity scaling of the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL)

Lacser

Arya

1986

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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“…Recently, on the basis of airplane observations performed by Gamo et al (1976), Yokoyama et al (1977a, b, c) proposed a structure model of the turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer. This model was later examined by Gamo and Yokoyama (1979) in the mixing layer and Yamamoto et al (1979) in the stable layer and appeared to be reasonable for most boundary layers except extremely stable layers. In the extremely stable layer, they suggested that more careful observation be conducted to develop the structure model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Vertical Diffusion from a Ground Level Source in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Mizuno

Yokoyama

Yasuraoka³

1982

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Vertical diffusion from a ground level line source was estimated using the structure model of the atmospheric boundary layer proposed by Yokoyama et al. (1977a, b, c). The two-dimensional differential equation of diffusion was computed numerically for stationary and horizontally homogeneous conditions. Making the equation dimensionless, we showed that the characteristic spread (Z*) divided by the height of the boundary layer (h), is a function of two dimensionless lengths, x/Reh and z0/h, in the mixing and neutral layers (x: downwind distance from the source, Re: the quantity formed from the characteristic scale of wind speed, eddy diffusivity and the height of the boundary layer, z0: the roughness length of the ground surface.) In the stable layer, another dimensionless length, h/L (L: Monin-Obukhov length), is needed in addition to the above two parameters.From the relationship between Z*/h and x/Reh, it may be shown that in the mixing layer, Z* is a function of traveling time of the smoke. In the neutral and stable layers, however, Z* is independent of the mean wind speed and depends only on the downwind distance from the source.As for the computed concentrations, vertical spread Z* in the mixing layer increases rapidly in the early stage of the diffusion and tends to vary slowly when the upper part of the layer affects the diffusion. Profiles of vertical concentration in the mixing layer are nearly exponential when Z*/h*1 and approach a Gaussian distribution gradually with an increase in the downwind distance. On the other hand, in the stable layer, these profiles are nearly Gaussian even at short downwind distances and become more rounded at long distances. The estimated vertical spread Z* and concentrations at the ground surface are discussed, comparing them with diffusion experiments and the Pasquill-Gifford chart.

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An observational study of the evening transition boundary‐layer

Grant

1997

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Data collected during the evening transition period are described. Well-defined flux profiles are established rapidly after the surface sensible-heat flux changes sign. The sensible-heat flux profile is strongly curved, so that significant cooling only occurs within the lower half of the boundary layer.The turbulent kinetic energy flux is a significant term in the turbulent kinetic-energy balance in the upper half of the boundary layer early in the transition period. Later the magnitude of the turbulent kinetic-energy flux decreases to small values, so that the turbulence in the upper half of the boundary layer begins to decay. The timescale of this decay is of the order of u,/ h, and should also be the time-scale for the changes in the boundary-layer depth.Local scaling does not appear to be valid, except in a shallow layer near the surface. This is because the turbulence time-scale is comparable to the adjustment time-scale of the mean flow over much of the boundary layer.A comparative assessment of mixing length parameterisations in the stably stratified nocturnal boundary-layer (NBL). Boundary-Layer Meteorol., 36,53-70 Problems in the use of inclinometers and magnetometers to determine translation and orientation of a turbulence probe. J. Atmos. Ocean. Techno/., 12,427-434The new Cardington turbulence-probe system. J. Atmos. Ocean.Technol., 5,699-714 The stably-stratified boundary layer over the great plains I. Mean and turbulence structure. Boundary-Layer Meteorol., 42,95-122The early evening boundary-layer transition. Q. J. R. Meteorol. SOC., 107,329-344An observational study of the structure of the nocturnal boundary-SOC., 116,127-158 682-706 layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorol., 17,247-264 Large-eddy simulations of the neutral-static-stability planetary boundary-layer. Q. J. R. Meteorol. SOC., 113,413-444 Aircraft observations of the Ekman layer during the Joint Air-Sea Interaction Experiment. Q.J. R. Meteorol. SOC., 111,391-426 The turbulent structure of the stable boundary-layer. J. Atmos. Sci., The decay of convective turbulence. J. Atmos. Sci., 43,532-546 A rate-equation for the nocturnal boundary-layer height. J. Atmos. Atmospheric difision. Ellis and Horwood. Some further aspects of night cooling under clear skies. Q. J. R. Structure of the atmospheric boundary-layer. Prentice Hall. An introduction to boundary layer meteorology. Kluwer Academic Publishers. The nocturnal boundary-layer: Model calculations compared with observations. J. Appl Meteorol., 28, 161-175 On the spectral scale of wind fluctuations within and above the surface layer. Q. J. R. Meteorol. SOC., 103,721-730 Prediction of the nocturnal boundary-layer. J. Appl. Meteorol., 17, 526-531Observational study of the turbulent structure of the atmospheric boundary-layer under stable conditions. J. Meteorol. SOC. Japan, 57,423-431 On the determination of the height of the Ekman boundary-layer.

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Observational Study on the Turbulent Structure of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer under Stable Conditions

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

A numerical model study of the structure and similarity scaling of the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL)

A numerical model study of the structure and similarity scaling of the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL)

On the Vertical Diffusion from a Ground Level Source in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

An observational study of the evening transition boundary‐layer

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