Observational Study of Super Typhoon Saola in 2023 When It Was Close to Hong Kong

Chan, P.W.; Choy, Chun Wing; Chiu, Y.Y.

doi:10.20944/preprints202309.1688.v1

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…10, respectively. Currently, there are few studies on Typhoon Saola (2023); Chan et al [50,51] compared surface observations, upper-air observations, and weather radar data with numerical weather prediction results, but did not apply high-resolution satellite data. In this paper, satellite data were sufficiently used for revisiting the study of Typhoon Saola.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typhoon Saola was the ninth typhoon generated over the WNP in 2023, lasting for 10 days. A tropical depression born over the ocean east of the Philippines on 24 August strengthened to become a Super TY on 29 August, landing on the coastal area of Southern China twice as a severe typhoon class and an STY, respectively, causing severe storm impacts [50,51]. Typhoon Saola had a complex moving track in the shape of the number "6", and experienced a weakening to re-strengthening process, which brought a considerable challenge for forecasting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revisiting the Characteristics of Super Typhoon Saola (2023) Using GPM, Himawari-9 and FY-4B Satellite Data

Wang,

Xia,

Chen

et al. 2024

Atmosphere

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Typhoon Saola was the ninth typhoon that generated over the Western North Pacific (WNP) in 2023, and it caused severe storm impacts. However, its complex moving track and heavy intensity made it extremely difficult to forecast; therefore, detailed analysis is necessary. In this study, GPM, Himawari-9, and FY-4B satellite data were used to analyze the characteristics of the structure, brightness temperature, and precipitation of the typhoon cloud system. Our results showed that, in the 89 and 183 GHz channels of GPM-1CGMI, the brightness temperature of the typhoon eye was 80–90 K higher than that of the eye wall, and the strong convective areas below 200 K were clearer in these high-frequency channels. GPM-2ADPR estimated heavy rain (over 30 mm/h) area, storm height (5 km), and vertical precipitation rate (30–40 mm/h) more accurately than the GPM-2Aka and GPM-2Aku products. Himawari-9 satellite data showed that the brightness temperature of the eye wall and spiral cloud bands was 180–200 K, the typhoon eye was small and round, and strong convective activities were mostly located in the southwest side of the center. The FY-4B CLP and CLT products showed that, in the mature period of the typhoon, the percentage of supercooled and mixed clouds first stabilized and then rapidly decreased. The trends observed among the three types of ice-phase clouds were characterized by an initial increase, followed by a decrease, and then another increase, with percentages between 10% and 25%, 5% and 15%, and 15% and 30%, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Characteristics of Super Typhoon Saola (2023) Using GPM, Himawari-9 and FY-4B Satellite Data

Wang,

Xia,

Chen

et al. 2024

Atmosphere

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“…Saola's eye further shrank in size when it passed south of Hong Kong. It is a rather special cyclone bringing hurricane force winds to Hong Kong and the case has been documented in a number of papers, including observational study (Chan et al, 2023a), aircraft data (He et al, 2023), and forecast (Chan et al, 2023b). About a week later, the remnant of TC Haikui brought torrential rain to the Pearl River Estuary and its neighbouring areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-platform Observations of Severe Typhoon Koinu

HE,

Chan,

Choy

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Severe Typhoon Koinu passed south of Hong Kong on 8 and 9 October 2023, triggering the issurance of the Increasing Gale or Storm Signal No. 9, the second highest tropical cyclone warning signal in Hong Kong. Koinu was a difficult case for TC warning service due to its compact size and rather erratic movement over coastal waters of Guangdong. To monitor Koinu’s movement and wind structure, the Hong Kong Observatory utilized various observational platforms, including meteorological aircraft, ocean radar, and synthetic aperture radar on polar orbiting satellites. The paper presents major observations derived from these measurements. The aircraft probe and drosonde data suggested boundary layer inflow, warm core structure, eyewall updraft and downdraft, and high turbulence in the eyewall of the typhoon. The weather radar observations indicated occurrence of a waterspout in the vicinity of the typhoon. Additionally, the study evaluates the forecasting performance of the AI-based Pangu-Weather model, and the results highlight its better performance than the global numerical weather prediction models in forecasting tropical cyclones in the region. The documentation of these observations aims to provide valuable references for weather forecasters and stimulate further research on forecasting this type of tropical cyclones.

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“…From the radar pictures of Hong Kong when Saola got close to the territory, it had a very compact eye and Saola's eyewall further shrank gradually in size when it passed south of Hong Kong, down to about 30 km in diameter. It is a rather special cyclone bringing hurricane force winds to Hong Kong and the case has been documented in a number of papers, including observational study (Chan, Choy, & Chiu, 2023), aircraft data (He, Chan, et al., 2023), and forecast (Chan, He, & Lui, 2023). About a week later, the remnant of TC Haikui brought torrential rain to the Pearl River Estuary and its neighboring areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐Platform Observations of Severe Typhoon Koinu

He,

Chan,

Choy

et al. 2024

Earth and Space Science

Self Cite

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Severe Typhoon Koinu passed south of Hong Kong on 8 and 9 October 2023, triggering the issuance of the Increasing Gale or Storm Signal No. 9, the second highest tropical cyclone (TC) warning signal in Hong Kong. Koinu was a difficult case for TC warning service due to its compact size and rather erratic movement over the coastal waters of Guangdong. To monitor Koinu's movement and wind structure, the Hong Kong Observatory utilized various observational platforms, including meteorological aircraft, ocean radar, and synthetic aperture radar on polar orbiting satellites. The paper presents major observations derived from these measurements. The aircraft probe and dropsonde data suggested boundary layer inflow, warm core structure, eyewall updraft, and high turbulence in the eyewall of the typhoon. The weather radar observations indicated the occurrence of a waterspout in the vicinity of the typhoon. Additionally, the study highlights the forecasting performance of the AI‐based Pangu‐Weather model, which could outperform the conventional global numerical weather prediction models in forecasting TC track in the region. The documentation of these observations aims to provide valuable references for weather forecasters and stimulate further research on forecasting this type of tropical cyclone.

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Observational Study of Super Typhoon Saola in 2023 When It Was Close to Hong Kong

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Revisiting the Characteristics of Super Typhoon Saola (2023) Using GPM, Himawari-9 and FY-4B Satellite Data

Revisiting the Characteristics of Super Typhoon Saola (2023) Using GPM, Himawari-9 and FY-4B Satellite Data

Multi-platform Observations of Severe Typhoon Koinu

Multi‐Platform Observations of Severe Typhoon Koinu

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