Observation of Weak Collapse in a Bose-Einstein Condensate

Eigen, Christoph; Gaunt, Alexander L.; Suleymanzade, Aziza; Navon, Nir; Hadzibabic, Zoran; Smith, Robert P.

doi:10.1103/physrevx.6.041058

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…Note that, when we encounter a collapse, we observe the disappearance of all condensed atoms. This is in contrast with recent experiments done in 3D Bose-gases trapped in a box potential [44].…”

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confidence: 94%

Production of strongly bound K39 bright solitons

et al. 2016

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We report on the production of 39 K matter-wave bright solitons, i.e., 1D matter-waves that propagate without dispersion thanks to attractive interactions. The volume of the soliton is studied as a function of the scattering length through three-body losses, revealing peak densities as high as ∼ 5 × 10 20 m −3 . Our solitons, close to the collapse threshold, are strongly bound and will find applications in fundamental physics and atom interferometry.PACS numbers: 03.75. Lm, Solitons are one-dimensional wave-packets that propagate with neither change of shape nor loss of energy. They are a consequence of non-linearities that balance wave-packet spreading due to dispersion. They appear in numerous physical systems such as water waves, optical fibers, plasmas, acoustic waves or even in energy propagation along proteins [1]. Solitons are also observed in ultracold quantum gases [2][3][4][5][6]. In this context, matterwave bright solitons are Bose-Einstein condensates that remain bound thanks to mean-field attractive interactions in a one dimensional geometry [2,3].Matter-wave bright solitons are predicted to be a great tool to locally probe rapidly varying forces for example close to a surface [7,8], or probe (surface) bound states [7,9] which do not appear in linear scattering. For example, the small size of bright solitons has been used in the measurement of quantum reflection from a barrier [10,11]. Because of their dispersion-free propagation, bright solitons are also believed to be good candidates for performing very long time atom interferometry measurements [12] although interactions may cause additional phase shifts [13][14][15][16]. Recently, an experiment demonstrated an increased visibility for a soliton atomic interferometer as compared to its non interacting counterpart [17]. The interactions in solitons can also lead to squeezed or entangled states, which could improve the sensitivity of interferometric measurements beyond the shot noise limit [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In some cases, the formation of mesoscopic Schrödinger cat states or NOON states is predicted [25][26][27]. A problem in using these states is losses, such as three-body collisions, which are an intrinsic source of decoherence. They can also induce unusual soliton center of mass dynamics [28].Experiments producing and studying matter-wave bright solitons, despite their interest in both applied and fundamental physics, have remained scarce. In fact, only two elements have been turned into bright solitons, 7 Li [2, 3, 29, 30] and 85 Rb [10,31]. In this paper, we describe the production of 39 K solitons in the |F = 1, m F = −1 state using the Feshbach resonance at 561 G [32] and its associated zero-crossing of the scattering length at 504.4 G (see figure 1). We have optimized the setup in order to produce strongly bound solitons, i.e., solitons with a large negative interaction energy. We thus pro- The evaporation to Bose-Einstein condensation takes place at 550 G (red bullet). The magnetic field is then ramped in two steps to 507 G (vi...

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confidence: 94%

Production of strongly bound K39 bright solitons

et al. 2016

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“…As is well known, 3D self-attractive BECs are unstable against collapse [15][16][17][18][19] whenever the coupling strength exceeds a certain critical value (however, see [20]). The collapse has been observed and extensively studied experimentally too [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. On the theoretical side, a study of direct relevance to the present work was reported in Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Metastability versus collapse following a quench in attractive Bose-Einstein condensates

et al. 2018

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We consider a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with attractive two-body interactions in a cigarshaped trap, initially prepared in its ground state for a given negative scattering length, which is quenched to a larger absolute value of the scattering length. Using the mean-field approximation, we compute numerically, for an experimentally relevant range of aspect ratios and initial strengths of the coupling, two critical values of quench: one corresponds to the weakest attraction strength the quench to which causes the system to collapse before completing even a single return from the narrow configuration ("pericenter") in its breathing cycle. The other is a similar critical point for the occurrence of collapse before completing two returns. In the latter case, we also compute the limiting value, as we keep increasing the strength of the post-quench attraction towards its critical value, of the time interval between the first two pericenters. We also use a Gaussian variational model to estimate the critical quenched attraction strength below which the system is stable against the collapse for long times. These time intervals and critical attraction strengths-apart from being fundamental properties of nonlinear dynamics of self-attractive BECs-may provide clues to the design of upcoming experiments that are trying to create robust BEC breathers.

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“…Under this condition we can get λ c = 0 when ω r − χ ″ = κ and δ = 0 or when ω r − χ ″ = 2 κ and δ = 1. A realistic estimation of the present model parameters can be obtained from recent experiments 2 , 45 – 48 . From the experiments in refs 2 and 45 , we find the parameters ω ~ MHz, ω r ~ KHz, { l x , l y , l z } ~ {3.2, 16.6, 3.3} μ m, and N ~ 10 5 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This condition can be obeyed for the BEC with attractive interactions between atoms. According to refs 2 , 45 – 48 , stable BECs with the negative s -wave scattering lengths can be obtained for Rubidium atoms and Potassium atoms. The stability of the BEC with the attractive interactions between atoms is characterized by the stability parameter C = N | a |/ l 0 with l 0 being mean harmonic oscillator length 46 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-impurity-induced Dicke quantum phase transition in a cavity-Bose-Einstein condensate

Yuan

Song

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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We present a new generalized Dicke model, an impurity-doped Dicke model (IDDM), by the use of an impurity-doped cavity-Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). It is shown that the impurity atom can induceDicke quantum phase transition (QPT) from the normal phase to superradiant phase at a critic value of the impurity population. It is found that the impurity-induced Dicke QPT can happen in an arbitrary field-atom coupling regime while the Dicke QPT in the standard Dicke model occurs only in the strong coupling regime of the cavity field and atoms. This opens the possibility to realize the control of quantum properties of a macroscopic-quantum system (BEC) by using a microscopic quantum system (a single impurity atom).In recent years ultracold atoms in optical cavities have revealed themselves as attractive new systems for studying strongly-interacting quantum many-body theories. Their high degree of tunability makes them especially attractive for this purpose. One example, which has been extensively studied theoretically and experimentally, is the Dicke quantum phase transition (QPT) from the normal phase to the superradiant phase with a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in an optical cavity 1-10 . The Dicke model 11 describes a large number of two-level atoms interacting with a single cavity field mode, and predicts the existence of the Dicke QPT 10, 12-15 from the normal phase to the superradiant phase. However, it is very hard to observe the Dicke QPT in the standard Dicke model, since the critical collective atom-field coupling strength needs to be of the same order as the energy separation between the two atomic levels. Fortunately, strong collective atom-field coupling has realized experimentally in a BEC coupling with a ultrahigh-finesse cavity filed 16,17 . C. Emary and T. Brandes 18 first indicated that the Dicke model exhibits a zero-temperature QPT from the normal phase to the superradiant phase in the thermodynamic limit. Then, D. Nagy et al. 4 pointed out that the Dicke QPT from the normal to the superradiant phase corresponds to the self-organization of atoms from the homogeneous into a periodically patterned distribution. Soon after this, the Dicke QPT was experimentally observed in the sense of the self-organization of atoms by using the cavity-BEC system 2 . In the Dicke QPT experimental realization 2 , the normal phase corresponds to the BEC being in the ground state associated with vacuum cavity field state while both the BEC and cavity field have collective excitations in the super-radiant phase. A few extended Dicke models 9,19 have been proposed to reveal rich phase diagrams and exotic QPTs, which are different from those in the original Dicke model. Impurities in a BEC have motivated the investigation of a wide range of phenomena [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] . For instance, a single impurity can probe superfluidity 20,21 . A neutral impurity can self-localize in BECs 22-25 , and can be dressed into a quasiparticle, the Bose polaron [26][27][28][29][30] and the soliton for ...

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Observation of Weak Collapse in a Bose-Einstein Condensate

Cited by 40 publications

References 61 publications

Production of strongly bound K39 bright solitons

Production of strongly bound K39 bright solitons

Metastability versus collapse following a quench in attractive Bose-Einstein condensates

Single-impurity-induced Dicke quantum phase transition in a cavity-Bose-Einstein condensate

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