Observation of three-photon bound states in a quantum nonlinear medium

Liang, Qiyu; Venkatramani, Aditya V.; Cantu, Sergio; Nicholson, Travis; Gullans, Michael; Gorshkov, Alexey V.; Thompson, J. D.; Chin, Cheng; Lukin, Mikhail D.; Vuletić, Vladan

doi:10.1126/science.aao7293

Cited by 128 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The subradiant states are quite general, and they are not limited to double excitations. We expect even richer physics for the excitations with a higher number of photons, M > 2, which can already be accessed experimentally [48]. As the excitation number increases, a threshold of the qubit number for subradiant states will also changes.…”

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confidence: 92%

Inelastic Scattering of Photon Pairs in Qubit Arrays with Subradiant States

Poshakinskiy

Lee

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We develop a rigorous theoretical approach for analyzing inelastic scattering of photon pairs in arrays of two-level qubits embedded in a waveguide. Our analysis reveals strong enhancement of the scattering when the energy of incoming photons resonates with the double-excited subradiant states. We identify the role of different double-excited states in the scattering such as superradiant, subradiant, and twilight states, being a product of single-excitation bright and subradiant states. Importantly, the N -excitation subradiant states can be engineered only if the number of qubits exceeds 2N . Both the subradiant and twilight states can generate long-lived photon-photon correlations, paving the way to a storage and processing of quantum information.

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confidence: 92%

Inelastic Scattering of Photon Pairs in Qubit Arrays with Subradiant States

Poshakinskiy

Lee

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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“…Two-photon correlations g (2) have been extensively studied for a variety of systems [23] and the observation of anti-bunching is accepted as a the characteristic fingerprint of a single photon source [24], while bound states of two photons have been observed as strong bunching feature in Rydberg polariton systems [25]. To study interaction between three photons, it is natural to turn to third-order correlations g (3) [26][27][28]. While any two-body correlation will also induce a signal in the three-body correlation function, a natural approach is to subtract these trivial contributions via the cumulant expansion to identify the pure three-body correlations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Observation of Three-Body Correlations for Photons Coupled to a Rydberg Superatom

et al. 2018

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We report on the experimental observation of nontrivial three-photon correlations imprinted onto initially uncorrelated photons through an interaction with a single Rydberg superatom. Exploiting the Rydberg blockade mechanism, we turn a cold atomic cloud into a single effective emitter with collectively enhanced coupling to a focused photonic mode which gives rise to clear signatures in the connected part of the three-body correlation function of the outgoing photons. We show that our results are in good agreement with a quantitative model for a single, strongly coupled Rydberg superatom. Furthermore, we present an idealized but exactly solvable model of a single two-level system coupled to a photonic mode, which allows for an interpretation of our experimental observations in terms of bound states and scattering states.

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“…Various sources of entangled photons are available, from quantum dots [14], to cold atomic gasses [15] and nonlinear crystals which are reviewed in [4]. A general two-photon state can be written in the form,…”

Section: Spatial Entanglementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum phase-sensitive diffraction and imaging using entangled photons

Asban

Dorfman

Mukamel

2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We propose a novel quantum diffraction imaging technique whereby one photon of an entangled pair is diffracted off a sample and detected in coincidence with its twin. The image is obtained by scanning the photon that did not interact with matter. We show that when a dynamical quantum system interacts with an external field, the phase information is imprinted in the state of the field in a detectable way. The contribution to the signal from photons that interact with the sample scales as ∝ I 1/2 p , where Ip is the source intensity, compared to ∝ Ip of classical diffraction. This makes imaging with weak-field possible, avoiding damage to delicate samples. A Schmidt decomposition of the state of the field can be used for image enhancement by reweighting the Schmidt modes contributions.Rapid advances in short-wavelength ultrafast light sources, have revolutionized our ability to observe the microscopic world. With bright Free Electron Lasers and high harmonics tabletop sources, short time (femtosecond) and length (subnanometer) scales become accessible experimentally. These offer new exciting possibilities to study spatio-spectral properties of quantum systems driven out of equilibrium, and monitor dynamical relaxation processes and chemical reactions. The spatial features of small-scale charge distributions can be recorded in time. Far-field off-resonant X-ray diffraction measurements provide useful information on the charge density σ (Q) where Q is the diffraction wavector. The observed diffraction pattern S (Q) is given by the modulus square S (Q) ∝ |σ (Q)| 2 . Inverting these signals to real-space σ (r) requires a Fourier transform. Since the phase of σ (Q) is not available, the inversion requires phase retrieval which can be done using either algorithmic solutions [1,2] or more sophisticated and costly experimental setups such as heterodyne measurements [3]. Correlated beam techniques [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] in the visible regime, have been shown to circumvent this problem by producing the realspace image of mesoscopic objects. Such techniques have classical analogues using correlated light, and reveal the modulus square of the studied object |σ (r)| 2 [11,12]. In this paper we consider the setup shown in Fig.(1). We focus on off-resonant scattering of entangled photons in which only one photon, denoted as the "signal", interacts with a sample. Its entangled counterpart, the "idler", is spatially scanned and measured in coincidence with the arrival of the signal photon. The idler reveals the image and also uncovers phase information, as was recently shown in [13] for linear diffraction.Our first main result is that for small diffraction angles, using Schmidt decomposition of the two-photon amplitude Φ (q s , q i ) = ∞ n √ λ n u n (q s ) v n (q i ) where λ n is the respective mode weight -reads,Here β(1) nm = dr u n (r) σ (r) u * m (r), β(2) nm = dr u n (r) |σ (r)| 2 u * m (r) andρ i represents the transverse detection plane. σ (r) is the charge density of the target object prepared by an actinic pulse and p = (1...

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Observation of three-photon bound states in a quantum nonlinear medium

Cited by 128 publications

References 41 publications

Inelastic Scattering of Photon Pairs in Qubit Arrays with Subradiant States

Inelastic Scattering of Photon Pairs in Qubit Arrays with Subradiant States

Observation of Three-Body Correlations for Photons Coupled to a Rydberg Superatom

Quantum phase-sensitive diffraction and imaging using entangled photons

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