Observation of the Liquid Water Content of Melting Snowflakes with a New Instrument

Sasyo, Yoshio; Mori, Taro; Onozaki, Osamu; Saito, Takashi

doi:10.2151/jmsj1965.69.1_83

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Values of f decrease as D increases. The same tendency was pointed out by Nakamura (1960) and Sasyo et al (1991) in their observation of melting snowflakes. The values of f are also dependent on F L ; the decreasing rate of f with D is smaller for large values of F L (Fig.…”

Section: October 2014 M I S U M I E T a Lsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…However, the range of c 2 was from 0.27 to 0.95 in Sasyo et al (1991). This discrepancy can be explained by the effects of our calibration.…”

Section: B Comparison With Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…1) was developed by Sasyo et al (1991) and manufactured by Suga Test Instrument Co., Ltd. The instrument has inlets that open for 10 s to collect falling snowflakes on a dye-treated filter paper.…”

Section: A Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We measured the liquid water fraction of snowflakes using the same technique as Sasyo et al (1991). They expressed the liquid water fraction of a snowflake as…”

Section: B Comparison With Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter problem could cause underestimation of the liquid water fraction. Sasyo et al (1991) developed an instrument to collect snowflakes on filter papers that are kept at 08C by a cooling unit, but the second problem was not solved. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no further studies on the measurement of the liquid water fraction of individual snowflakes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Empirical Relationships for Estimating Liquid Water Fraction of Melting Snowflakes

Misumi

Motoyoshi

Yamaguchi

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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The liquid water fraction of individual snowflakes f is an important parameter when calculating the radar reflectivity of a melting layer. A ground-based observation of f at Nagaoka, Japan, was conducted by using dye-treated filter papers that were kept at a temperature of 08C. From the results of these measurements, which consisted of 6179 particles taken with 44 sheets of filter paper, two empirical relationships are proposed. The first is a relationship between the ratio of liquid water flux to total precipitation intensity (F L ; taking values from 0 to 1) and meteorological surface data. The second is a relationship to estimate f using the melted diameter of a snowflake, median mass diameter, and F L . It was determined that the root-mean-square errors for estimating F L and f by using these relationships were 0.160 and 0.144, respectively. It was also found that the ratio of raindrop flux to the total precipitation intensity F R was always below 0.1 when F L was less than 0.6 but increased rapidly when F L exceeded 0.8.

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Section: October 2014 M I S U M I E T a Lsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…However, the range of c 2 was from 0.27 to 0.95 in Sasyo et al (1991). This discrepancy can be explained by the effects of our calibration.…”

Section: B Comparison With Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: A Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We measured the liquid water fraction of snowflakes using the same technique as Sasyo et al (1991). They expressed the liquid water fraction of a snowflake as…”

Section: B Comparison With Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Empirical Relationships for Estimating Liquid Water Fraction of Melting Snowflakes

Misumi

Motoyoshi

Yamaguchi

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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Measuring the density of snow particles and snowfall rate

Muramoto

Matsuura

Shiina

1995

Electron Comm Jpn Pt III

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It is important to measure the quality of falling snow particles as a help in analyzing radio attenuation during snowfalls. Since the quality of snow particles depends almost entirely on their density (the amount of water they contain), the snow particle density reflects their quality. to permit automatic measurement of the average densities of falling snow particles over long periods of time, the diameters and fall velocities of snow particles are measured by means of image processing. Simultaneously, the weight of all snow particles that have fallen to the ground was measured directly by means of an electronic balance. the density of the falling snow particles is calculated by dividing into this total weight the total volume of snow particles that passed through a unit volume (obtained from the diameter and velocity of snow particles). the diameters, velocities, and number of snow particles are determined by image processing. Snowfall rates calculated from the image processing data are compared with those measured directly and are found to agree.

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Assessments of long-term precipitation and temperature variations during snow cover periods using high-elevation AMeDAS data in central Japan

Ueno

2023

Bulletin of Glacier Research

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Long-term hourly data records of the Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) with snow depth measurements at three high elevation sites were analyzed in central Japan to assess the decadal scale winter climate variabilities with the effects of observation biases. Year-to-year variations of persistent snow cover periods (PSCPs) did not show a significant shortening trend with the delays of starting the PSCP associated with El Niño in December and forward to the ending of the PSCP with nationwide warming in March. Significant warming trends in the surface air temperature averaged in PSCPs were not identified, and length of the PSCP strongly contributed to the year-to-year variations of monthly averaged winter air temperatures. Long-term variabilities of precipitation records were primarily affected by changing the gauge type and data resolutions. After a simple correction of gauge undercatch by air temperature and wind speed, the amount of precipitation increased by around 20 % at the northern station but only by 3 % in the south due to frequent rain-on-snow events. In the two northern stations, snowfall amounts on the order of around 10 % were estimated to be missing in the precipitation records, where a long-term decreasing trend in occurrences of freezing precipitation was also found. The statistics calculated by AMeDAS data were verified using the data of the Vaisala Present Weather Detector in the Sugadaira Highland.

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Observation of the Liquid Water Content of Melting Snowflakes with a New Instrument

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Empirical Relationships for Estimating Liquid Water Fraction of Melting Snowflakes

Empirical Relationships for Estimating Liquid Water Fraction of Melting Snowflakes

Measuring the density of snow particles and snowfall rate

Assessments of long-term precipitation and temperature variations during snow cover periods using high-elevation AMeDAS data in central Japan

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