We consider isotopic effects on the photoluminescence of recently discovered germanium-vacancy (GeV − ) color center in diamond produced by the high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) treatment. It was demonstrated that the influence of isotopic composition on the position of zero-phonon line (ZPL) and its first vibronic peak (local vibrational mode, LVM) provides valuable information on the electronic and structural properties of this center.Keywords: diamond, defects, color centers, split-vacancy, high pressures. : 19 June 2017. Revised: 15 December 2017 Investigation of isotopic effects on the photoluminescence of split-vacancy centers in diamond allows one to obtain deeper insight into their electronic, structural and optical properties. Due to the bright and almost monochromatic luminescence, the two already-known representatives of these class of defects SiV and recently discovered GeV [1][2][3][4] are considered as possible candidates for single-phonon emitters in quantum communications or photoluminescence markers in biomedical applications. Although the attractiveness of these centers is mostly caused by the large Debye-Waller factor (the intensity of the ZPL relative to the overall intensity of the center emission), the study of the luminescence sideband is still very informative.
ReceivedIn this paper, we discuss only negatively charged GeV center which was produced in nano-and microdiamonds by HPHT synthesis from organic substances [4,5]. This split-vacancy complex consists of impurity atoms located almost midway between two vacant cites. Ideally the symmetry of the center is 3m. However, due to the incompletely filled doubly degenerate impurity electron level in the diamond band gap, this structure is Jahn-Teller unstable and the degeneracy should be lifted. Thus, the actual symmetry of the center should be lower. It is believed that the physical mechanism, which lifts this degeneracy in split-vacancy centers is caused by the spinorbit coupling [4,6,7]. Thus, the fluorescence line caused by the promotion of an electron from the lower e u level to this incompletely filled e g one (with separation energy of about 2.059 eV), is split into quadruplet Z 1−4 with two characteristic splitting energies 0.2 and 1.1 THz (corresponding to the energy difference in e g and e u levels respectively). This splitting is clearly seen in Fig. 1a-b) and Fig. 2a). Still, according to electronic paramagnetic resonance measurements, the trigonal symmetry of the center is retained [8,9]. Oscillation of the heavy impurity Ge atom gives rise to LVM in the diamond phonon spectrum which is observed ≈ 45 meV apart from the strongest component of ZPL line in the fluorescence sideband of this center (see Fig. 1a-b). Both the absolute energy of the strongest component of ZPL (Z 1 ) and relative energy of LVM (L 1 ) almost linearly depends on the isotope number of Ge atom m (see Fig. 1c). In the harmonic approximation, the LVM energy scales as a square root of the mass of oscillating atom but due to the small relative range δm = m − ...