Observation of synchronous picosecond sonoluminescence

Barber, Bradley P.; Putterman, Seth

doi:10.1038/352318a0

Cited by 443 publications

(210 citation statements)

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“…Under the right conditions, the bubbles can collapse rapidly, producing internal temperatures and pressures high enough that short (few ps) light flashes are emitted [1][2][3]. The spectrum of the emitted light indicates that the surface of the emitting bubble may be hotter than the surface of the sun [4].…”

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confidence: 99%

Nuclear Fusion in Collapsing Bubbles—Is It There? An Attempt to Repeat the Observation of Nuclear Emissions from Sonoluminescence

Shapira

Saltmarsh

2002

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We have repeated the experiment of Taleyarkhan et al. [Science 295, 1868[Science 295, (2002] in an attempt to detect the emission of neutrons from d-d fusion during bubble collapse in deuterated acetone. Using the same cavitation apparatus, a more sophisticated data acquisition system, and a larger scintillator detector, we find no evidence for 2.5-MeV neutron emission correlated with sonoluminescence form collapsing bubbles. Any neutron emission that might occur is at least 4 orders of magnitude too small to explain the tritium production reported in Taleyarkhan et al. as being due to d-d fusion. We show that proper allowance for random coincidence rates in such experiments requires the simultaneous measurement of the count rates in the individual detectors.

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confidence: 99%

Nuclear Fusion in Collapsing Bubbles—Is It There? An Attempt to Repeat the Observation of Nuclear Emissions from Sonoluminescence

Shapira

Saltmarsh

2002

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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“…The detailed calculations of zero-field bubble collapse by Wu and Roberts [7] provide the quantitative basis for our estimates. From these calculations and previous experiments [2][3][4][5][6] a commonlyaccepted scenario of the luminescence emerges. Under optimal conditions a bubble is trapped at the antinode of a sinusoidal acoustic field near the center of a driven resonant acoustic chamber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We consider for definiteness the current flowing in the region of fluid between the bubble surface and twice that radius. At this time in the collapse the typical bubble radius is around 1 micron, so we consider the current flowing radially outwards across a distance ∆r = 1 µm, filling a volume ∆V ≈ 4π 3 (2 × 10 −6 m) 3 . Typical bubble surface speeds are on the order v = 10 3 m/s.…”

Section: Thermally Induced Currentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sonoluminescence is the emission of light during the collapse of a bubble in a liquid subjected to an oscillating pressure field. [2][3][4][5][6] Young et al [1] found that the presence of a uniform magnetic field increased the pressure amplitude for both the onset of stable sonoluminescence and the ultimate destruction of the bubble at high driving forces. Both thresholds shifted approximately quadratically in magnetic field strength, scaling by 1 atm per (20T) 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sonoluminescence: Coupling to an applied magnetic field

DiDonna

Witten

Young

1998

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

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We investigate several means of coupling between a sonoluminescing bubble and an applied magnetic field. Recent experiments show a strong quadratic dependence between the forcing pressures required for stable sonoluminescence and magnetic field amplitude. However, all coupling mechanisms calculated here for comparable magnetic fields involve energies no more than one percent the mechanical energy of bubble collapse. We conclude that the applied field must influence the system though its effect on some parameter which the bubble motion depends upon very sensitively. A few such mechanisms are suggested. : 78.60.Mq, 47.65.+a, 67.55.Fa PACS

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“…1 shows that, in comparison to frequencies commonly used today in experiment (e.g., f ഠ 20 40 kHz), more violent collapses can be reached (at fixed R 0 ) with smaller f. (ii) For smaller f the threshold of shape instability which limits the SBSL regime [8] is shifted towards larger bubbles which potentially emit more sonoluminescence light. Indeed, experiments with smaller f by Barber and Putterman [13] and by Cordry [14] found brighter SL bubbles. But what is the maximum light intensity which can be expected, and how should one choose the forcing pressure P a and the gas concentration in the liquid to achieve an optimal photon yield?…”

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confidence: 99%

Predictions for Upscaling Sonoluminescence

Hilgenfeldt

Lohse

1999

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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Only a small fraction of the high-dimensional parameter space that governs the occurrence of stable single-bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) has been explored so far. We predict that decreasing the acoustic driving frequency f upscales SBSL. More specifically, at f 5 kHz we expect more than 100 times as many photons per flash as at f 20 kHz and a flash width of about 1000 ps. The application of lower frequencies has to be assisted by reducing the partial inert gas pressure of the dissolved gas (e.g., stronger degassing) to maintain diffusive stability of the bubbles.[ S0031-9007(98) Experimentally [2] it was found that an efficient way to achieve more intense light is to cool the water. Decreasing the water temperature from 33 to 2.5 ± C gives nearly 1000 times more photons per pulse. Following the hydrodynamical/chemical approach to SBSL [7][8][9][10], the water temperature dependence was quantitatively accounted for by considering the temperature dependence of the material constants of water [11].In this paper we focus on the upscaling of SBSL by reducing the driving frequency f, a procedure suggested by Apfel [12]. The effect of reducing the frequency is twofold: (i) In the SL regime the dynamics of the bubble radius R͑t͒ is characterized by a long and relatively slow expansion that occurs during the negative pressure phase of the driving, and by a subsequent violent collapse. Because a smaller frequency gives the bubble more time to expand, it leads to a larger expansion ratio R max ͞R 0 (maximum radius divided by ambient radius) and a stronger collapse. Indeed, the example of Fig. 1 shows that, in comparison to frequencies commonly used today in experiment (e.g., f ഠ 20 40 kHz), more violent collapses can be reached (at fixed R 0 ) with smaller f. (ii) For smaller f the threshold of shape instability which limits the SBSL regime [8] is shifted towards larger bubbles which potentially emit more sonoluminescence light. Indeed, experiments with smaller f by Barber and Putterman [13] and by Cordry [14] found brighter SL bubbles. But what is the maximum light intensity which can be expected, and how should one choose the forcing pressure P a and the gas concentration in the liquid to achieve an optimal photon yield? The present study will make quantitative predictions for answers to these questions.Our analysis of upscaled SBSL is based on the hydrodynamical approach to SBSL [7][8][9][10], augmented by an approximate description of the thermal bremsstrahlung of the partially ionized gas inside the bubble [15,16].The bubble is driven by the harmonic driving P͑t͒ 2P a cos 2pft; it responds according to the RayleighPlesset (RP) dynamics [2,8,17,18]. The pressure p͑ ͑ ͑R͑t͒͒ ͒ ͒ inside the bubble is approximated by a spatially homogeneous van der Waals pressure. This approximation is well 1͞f. While in all cases, R 0 4 mm and P a 1.2 atm are the same, the maximum radius R max reached for 5 kHz is almost 7 times larger than for 50 kHz, leading to a more violent collapse. This is demonstrated in the inset which shows ho...

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Observation of synchronous picosecond sonoluminescence

Cited by 443 publications

References 14 publications

Nuclear Fusion in Collapsing Bubbles—Is It There? An Attempt to Repeat the Observation of Nuclear Emissions from Sonoluminescence

Nuclear Fusion in Collapsing Bubbles—Is It There? An Attempt to Repeat the Observation of Nuclear Emissions from Sonoluminescence

Sonoluminescence: Coupling to an applied magnetic field

Predictions for Upscaling Sonoluminescence

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