Observation of Shoemaker-Levy Impacts by the Galileo Photopolarimeter Radiometer

Martin, T. Z.; Orton, Glenn S.; Travis, Larry D.; Tamppari, L. K.; Claypool, I.

doi:10.1126/science.268.5219.1875

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…[52,53] . 相关研究 [54,55] 表明 Shoemaker-Levy 9在近距飞越木星的过程中分裂成数十块碎片 [56] . Scotti和Melosh [57] 评估发现在D/Shoe-…”

Section: 因此所观测到的大部分非主轴自旋小行星的旋转周unclassified

Physical properties and structural evolution of asteroids

Zhang¹,

Li²

2019

Sci. Sin.-Phys. Mech. Astron.

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Structural evolution and electronic properties of phosphorus-doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin films deposited by PECVD SCIENCE CHINA Technological Sciences 56, 103 (2013); Structural evolution, optoelectrical and corrosion properties of electrodeposited WO3 integration on Zn-TiO2 electrolyte for defence super application Defence Technology 14, 396 (2018); Structural phase transitions, phase separation and physical properties for the 122-system iron-based superconductors

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“…[52,53] . 相关研究 [54,55] 表明 Shoemaker-Levy 9在近距飞越木星的过程中分裂成数十块碎片 [56] . Scotti和Melosh [57] 评估发现在D/Shoe-…”

Section: 因此所观测到的大部分非主轴自旋小行星的旋转周unclassified

Physical properties and structural evolution of asteroids

Zhang¹,

Li²

2019

Sci. Sin.-Phys. Mech. Astron.

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“…Confirmation that the IR precursors occurred near the time of impact came from photometric observations obtained by the Photopolarimeter Radiometer (PPR) instrument on board Galileo. Transmitted to Earth within a day of the events, the PPR light curves of the H and L impacts displayed a 2-second rise to peak, followed by a plateau and slow decrease, lasting a total of 25-35 s (Martin et al 1995). The sharp rise was interpreted as corresponding to the final moments of the bolide's trajectory, while the plateau and decay were due to the subsequent expanding and cooling fireball.…”

Section: Estimates Of Impact Times From Observed Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

The orbital motion and impact circumstances of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9

Chodas

Yeomans

1996

International Astronomical Union Colloquium

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Two months after the discovery of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 came the astonishing announcement that the comet would impact Jupiter in July 1994. Computing the orbital motion of this remarkable comet presented several unusual challenges. We review the pre-impact orbit computations and impact predictions for SL9, from the preliminary orbit solutions shortly after discovery to the final set of predictions before the impacts. The final set of predicted impact times were systematically early by an average of 7 minutes, probably due to systematic errors in the reference star catalogs used in the reduction of the fragments' astrometric positions. The actual impact times were inferred from the times of observed phenomena for 16 of the impacts. Orbit solutions for the fragments were refined by using the actual impact times as additional data, and by estimating and removing measurement biases from the astrometric observations. The final orbit solutions for 21 fragments are tabulated, along with final estimates of the impact times and locations. The pre-breakup orbital history of the comet was investigated statistically, via a Monte Carlo analysis. The progenitor nucleus of SL9 was most likely captured by Jupiter around 1929 ± 9 years. Prior to capture, the comet was in a low-eccentricity, low-inclination heliocentric orbit entirely inside Jupiter's orbit, or, less likely, entirely outside. The ensemble of possible pre-capture orbits is consistent with a group of Jupiter family comets known as the quasi-Hildas.

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“…In Fig. 7 the periods during which the Galileo PPR, UVS and NIMS instruments observed emission are indicated (Martin et al 1995;Hord et al 1995;Carlson et al 1995a), as are the exposure times of individual HST images (Hammel et al 1995). The period during which the Galileo SSI instrument observed the flash from the K impact (Chapman et al 1995) is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Anatomy Of a Lightcurvementioning

confidence: 99%

Earth-based observations of impact phenomena

Nicholson

1996

International Astronomical Union Colloquium

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Earth-based observations at near- and mid-infrared wavelengths were obtained for at least 15 of the SL9 impacts, ranging from the spectacular G, K and L events to the barely-detected N and V impacts. Although there were a few exceptions, most of the IR lightcurves fit a common pattern of one or two relatively faint precursor flashes, followed several minutes later by the main infrared event as the explosively-ejected plume crashed down onto the jovian atmosphere. Correlations with the impact times recorded by the Galileo spacecraft and plumes imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope lead to an interpretation of the twin precursors in terms of (i) the entry of the bolide into the upper atmosphere, and (ii) the re-appearance of the rising fireball above Jupiter's limb. Positive correlations are observed between the peak IR flux observed during the splashback phase and both pre-impact size estimates for the individual SL9 fragments and the scale of the resulting ejecta deposits. None of the fragments observed to have moved off the main train of the comet by May 1994 produced a significant impact signature. Earth-based fireball temperature estimates are on the order of 750 K, 30-60 sec after impact. For the larger impacts, the unexpectedly protracted fireball emission at 2.3 μm remains unexplained. A wide range of temperatures has been inferred for the splashback phase, where shocks are expected to have heated the re-entering plume material at least briefly to several thousand K, and further modelling is required to reconcile these data.

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Observation of Shoemaker-Levy Impacts by the Galileo Photopolarimeter Radiometer

Cited by 34 publications

References 15 publications

Physical properties and structural evolution of asteroids

Physical properties and structural evolution of asteroids

The orbital motion and impact circumstances of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9

Earth-based observations of impact phenomena

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