Observation of Second Decay Chain from ²⁷⁸113

Discovery of the elements with atomic numbers Z = 113, 115 and 117 (IUPAC Technical Report)

“…This is demonstrated in the Table 2 [9], the second in 2007 [10], and the third in 2012 [16], are now construed as being consistent. Firm connection to established nuclides is provided.…”

“…The production of two chains of α-emitting nuclides was reported by Morita et al from the cold fusion reaction of a bismuth-209 target with a 70 Zn beam at the RIKEN heavy-ion facility in Japan, the first in 2004 [9] and the second in 2007 [10]. The former study reports the α-chain commencing with [11].…”

“…PRIOR JWP ASSESSMENT: The work of the collaboration of Morita et al [9,10] is very promising but has not met the Criteria for discovery owing to the paucity of events, the absence of firm connection(s) to known nuclides, and the inconsistencies noted above.…”

Names and Symbols of the Elements with Atomic Numbers 113, 115, 117 and 118 (IUPAC Recommendations 2016)

“…The RIKEN collaboration, of Morita et al [12][13][14][15] has fulfilled the criteria [1][2][3] for element Z = 113 [10]. The collaborating laboratories in Dubna, Livermore, and Oak Ridge coordinated by Oganessian, et al [16][17][18][19][20] have fulfilled the criteria [1][2][3] for elements with Z = 115 and 117 [10].…”

Chemistry of superheavy elements

“…Certainly, cold fusion reactions provided a very successful road synthesizing elements 107 to 112 at GSI's recoil separator SHIP; for reviews see [26,27]. However, the synthesis and proof of existence of element 113 in the 70 Zn on 209 Bi reaction [28,29], an experiment carried out by Morita and coworkers over many years at the GAs-filled Recoil Ion Separator (GARIS) at RIKEN's Nishina Center, has shown to be extraordinary difficult. Element 113 possibly marks the end of the cold fusion path into the heaviest elements.…”