Observation of radiation environment in the International Space Station in 2012–March 2013 by Liulin-5 particle telescope

Semkova, Jordanka; Dachev, Tsvetan; Koleva, R.; Bankov, N.; Maltchev, Stefan; Benghin, Victor; Shurshakov, Vyacheslav; Petrov, V. M.

doi:10.1051/swsc/2014029

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This is remarkable especially considering ALTEA's very limited sensitivity to protons. Five of these events are clearly visible in Figure 5 (high latitude data) and the March 2012 SPE can also be seen in the dose and dose equivalent results (see also Larosa et al 2011;Semkova et al 2013Semkova et al , 2014Zeitlin et al 2013;Berrilli et al 2014;Di Fino et al 2014a). Note also the lowest point in the quality factor plot (Fig.…”

Section: Solar Particle Events (Spes)mentioning

confidence: 70%

“…These are significantly lower than what was found by other groups. As an example, in dose ALTEA measures only about 20% of the values reported by Semkova et al (2014) (silicon detector Liulin). This is mostly due to the reduced proton sensitivity and the large contribution of the SAA (about two third of the total dose according to Semkova et al 2014).…”

Section: Average Whole Orbit Dose Ratesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…As an example, in dose ALTEA measures only about 20% of the values reported by Semkova et al (2014) (silicon detector Liulin). This is mostly due to the reduced proton sensitivity and the large contribution of the SAA (about two third of the total dose according to Semkova et al 2014). An interesting comparison is with data from CR39, a passive detector with sensitivity only above 10 keV/lm, so with almost no proton sensitivity.…”

Section: Average Whole Orbit Dose Ratesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The most relevant difference is the presence of radiation trapped in the Van Allen belts during the passes through the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), which is mostly composed of low energy protons. Trapped particles in the SAA make a large contribution to dose (about two third according to Semkova et al 2014) and significantly modify the overall radiation spectrum. At low latitudes only highly energetic ions can reach the ISS orbit due to the high geomagnetic cut-off rigidity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only a few papers have shown data from the period under study here and have been published recently (Lishnevskii et al 2012;Semkova et al 2013Semkova et al , 2014Berger et al 2015;Smith et al 2015;Dachev et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiation survey in the International Space Station

Narici

Casolino

Fino

et al. 2015

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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The project ALTEA-shield/survey is part of an European Space Agency (ESA) -ILSRA (International Life Science Research Announcement) program and provides a detailed study of the International Space Station (ISS) (USLab and partly Columbus) radiation environment. The experiment spans over 2 years, from September 20, 2010 to September 30, 2012, for a total of about 1.5 years of effective measurements. The ALTEA detector system measures all heavy ions above helium and, to a limited extent, hydrogen and helium (respectively, in 25 Mev-45 MeV and 25 MeV/n-250 MeV/n energy windows) while tracking every individual particle. It measures independently the radiation along the three ISS coordinate axes. The data presented consist of flux, dose, and dose equivalent over the time of investigation, at the different surveyed locations. Data are selected from the different geographic regions (low and high latitudes and South Atlantic Anomaly, SAA). Even with a limited acceptance window for the proton contribution, the flux/dose/dose equivalent results as well as the radiation spectra provide information on how the radiation risks change in the different surveyed sites. The large changes in radiation environment found among the measured sites, due to the different shield/mass distribution, require a detailed Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model to be used together with these measurements for the validation of radiation models in space habitats. Altitude also affects measured radiation, especially in the SAA. In the period of measurements, the altitude (averaged over each minute) ranged from 339 km to 447 km. Measurements show the significant shielding effect of the ISS truss, responsible for a consistent amount of reduction in dose equivalent (and so in radiation quality). Measured Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) dose rates at high latitude range from 0.354 ± 0.002 nGy/s to 0.770 ± 0.006 nGy/s while dose equivalent from 1.21 ± 0.04 nSv/s to 6.05 ± 0.09 nSv/s. The radiation variation over the SAA is studied. Even with the reduced proton sensitivity, the high day-by-day variability, as well as the strong altitude dependence is clearly observed. The ability of filtering out this contribution from the data is presented as a tool to construct a radiation data set well mimicking deep space radiation, useful for model validations and improvements.

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Section: Solar Particle Events (Spes)mentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Average Whole Orbit Dose Ratesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Average Whole Orbit Dose Ratesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiation survey in the International Space Station

Narici

Casolino

Fino

et al. 2015

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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Overview of the ISS Radiation Environment Observed during the ESA EXPOSE‐R2 Mission in 2014–2016

et al. 2017

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The radiation risk radiometer‐dosimeter (R3D)‐R2 solid‐state detector performed radiation measurements at the European Space Agency EXPOSE‐R2 platform outside of the Russian “Zvezda” module at the International Space Station (ISS) from 24 October 2014 to 11 January 2016. The ISS orbital parameters were average altitude of 415 km and 51.6° inclination. We developed special software and used experimentally obtained formulas to determine the radiation flux‐to‐dose ratio from the R3DR2 Liulin‐type deposited‐energy spectrometer. We provide for the first time simultaneous, long‐term estimates of radiation dose external to the ISS for four source categories: (i) galactic cosmic ray particles and their secondary products; (ii) protons in the South Atlantic Anomaly region of the inner radiation belt (IRB); (iii) relativistic electrons and/or bremsstrahlung in the outer radiation belt (ORB); and (iv) solar energetic particle (SEP) events. The latter category is new in this study. Additionally, in this study, secondary particles (SP) resulting from energetic particle interaction with the detector and nearby materials are identified. These are observed continuously at high latitudes. The detected SPs are identified using the same sorting requirements as SEP protons. The IRB protons provide the highest consistent hourly dose, while the ORB electrons and SEPs provide the most extreme hourly doses. SEPs were observed 11 times during the study interval. The R3DR2 data support calculation of average equivalent doses. The 30 day and 1 year average equivalent doses are much smaller than the skin and eyes doses recommendations by the National Council on Radiation Protection (Report 132), which provides radiation protection guidance for Low Earth Orbit.

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Space radiation quality factor for Galactic Cosmic Rays and typical space mission scenarios using a microdosimetric approach

Papadopoulos

Kyriakou

Incerti

et al. 2023

Radiat Environ Biophys

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Space radiation exposure from omnipresent Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) in interplanetary space poses a serious carcinogenic risk to astronauts due to the—limited or absent—protective effect of the Earth’s magnetosphere and, in particular, the terrestrial atmosphere. The radiation risk is directly influenced by the quality of the radiation, i.e., its pattern of energy deposition at the micron/DNA scale. For stochastic biological effects, radiation quality is described by the quality factor, $$Q$$ Q , which can be defined as a function of Linear Energy Transfer (LET) or the microdosimetric lineal energy ($$y$$ y ). In the present work, the average $$Q$$ Q of GCR for different mission scenarios was calculated using a modified version of the microdosimetric Theory of Dual Radiation Action (TDRA). NASA’s OLTARIS platform was utilized to generate the radiation environment behind different aluminum shielding (0–30 g/cm2) for a typical mission scenario in low-earth orbit (LEO) and in deep space. The microdosimetric lineal energy spectra of ions ($$Z\ge 1$$ Z ≥ 1 ) in 1 μm liquid water spheres were calculated by a generalized analytical model which considers energy-loss fluctuations and δ-ray transport inside the irradiated medium. The present TDRA-based $$Q$$ Q -values for the LEO and deep space missions were found to differ by up to 10% and 14% from the corresponding ICRP-based $$Q$$ Q -values and up to 3% and 6% from NASA’s $$Q$$ Q -model. In addition, they were found to be in good agreement with the $$Q$$ Q -values measured in the International Space Station (ISS) and by the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) which represent, respectively, a LEO and deep space orbit.

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Observation of radiation environment in the International Space Station in 2012–March 2013 by Liulin-5 particle telescope

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Radiation survey in the International Space Station

Radiation survey in the International Space Station

Overview of the ISS Radiation Environment Observed during the ESA EXPOSE‐R2 Mission in 2014–2016

Space radiation quality factor for Galactic Cosmic Rays and typical space mission scenarios using a microdosimetric approach

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