Observation of pulse delaying and advancement in optical fibers using stimulated Brillouin scattering

Song, Kwang Yong; Gonzalez-Herraez, Miguel; Thévenaz, Luc

doi:10.1364/opex.13.000082

Cited by 523 publications

(278 citation statements)

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“…It also transpired that SBS in optical fibres is an excellent platform for testing the validity of the theoretical models describing slow and fast light, such as the theory of the perfect Lorentzian distribution of the spectral resonance. For instance, a predicted delay of 1 ns per dB gain was perfectly confirmed experimentally 15 and changes in the propagation time of from -8 ns in the fast-light regime up to 32 ns in the slow-light regime could be realized in these early demonstrations 15 . Some months later, higher effective gains were achieved by inserting spectrally neutral attenuators between fibre segments to prevent an excessive amplification of the signal while fully preserving the delaying effect 16 .…”

Section: Review Article | Focusmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Slow and fast light in optical fibres

2008

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The ubiquitous role of optical fibres in modern photonic systems has stimulated research to realize slow and fast light devices directly in this close-to-perfect transmission line. Recent progress in developing optically controlled delays in optical fibres, operating under normal environmental conditions and at telecommunication wavelengths, has paved the way towards real applications for slow and fast light. This review presents the state-of-the-art research in this fascinating field and possible outcomes in the near future. The development of high-quality silica optical fibres with excellent transmission capabilities has directly contributed to the tremendous expansion of the global communication network. The success is due to their unrivalled low-loss performance (typically 50% of light is still present after a 15-km transmission distance), their wide bandwidth, which allows terabits per second of information to be transmitted over more than 1,000 km, and also their extremely low production cost. Realizing tunable delays for optical data signals directly in fibres, as well as integrating such devices into existing communication networks, is certainly a very attractive approach for optimizing the flow of data traffic in future networks. The approach may also enhance the capabilities of optical and microwave-on-optical-carrier signal processing. Given the limited possibilities for engineering the dispersion curve of standard single-mode fibres without creating complex photonic-crystal structures (see pages 448 and 465 of this issue 1,2 ), much research on fibre-based delays has been directed towards solutions based on spectral resonances to generate slow and fast light. The initial pioneering demonstrations of slow and fast light in various media all exploited narrow spectral resonances, typically created by electromagnetically induced transparency 3 or coherent population oscillation 4 . Narrow spectral resonances have a dramatic effect on optical propagation, as any sharp spectral change in the medium's transmission curve results in a steep quasi-linear variation of the effective refractive index with wavelength in the narrow spectral region near the resonance. This in turn results in a strong change in the group velocity at the exact centre of the resonance 5 . The velocity change is strongest for narrower spectral resonances (as explained in detail below) and for this reason, the early experiments were all carried out in special media, such as ultracold atomic gases or atomic transitions in a crystalline solid at a well-defined wavelength. Luc ThévenazWithin the resonance, the relationship between the change in the optical transmission and the delay can be determined as follows. The refractive-index change, Δn, as a function of the optical frequency, ν, is calculated using the Kramers-Kronig transformation, and the index change associated with the group velocity, Δn g , is then found using the relationship Δn g = Δn + ν(dΔn/dν) (ref. 5). Finally, the delay, ΔT, added to the normal transit time in the medium...

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Section: Review Article | Focusmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Experimental solutions have been found to overcome this difficulty and the first demonstrations of SBS-induced slow and fast light 14 in optical fibres were reported in 2005 initially at EPFL in Switzerland 15 and independently a few months later at Cornell University in the USA (ref. 9).…”

Section: Review Article | Focusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow and fast light in optical fibres

2008

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“…The first experimental demonstrations of slow and fast light in optical fibres were achieved using SBS [5] first AT EPFL in Switzerland [6] and independently a few months later at Cornell University in USA [7]. This approach demonstrated that efficient delays can be realized using SBS.…”

Section: Slow and Fast Light In Optical Fibres Using Stimulated Brilloumentioning

confidence: 97%

Achievements in slow and fast light in optical fibres

Thévenaz

2008

2008 10th Anniversary International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks

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The ubiquitous role occupied by optical fibres in modern photonic systems has steadily stimulated research to realize slow and fast light devices directly in this close-to-perfect transmission line. This potentially offers the key advantage of a direct and flexible integration in most existing optical systems. The recent progress in the realization of optically-controlled delays in optical fibres, under normal environmental conditions and in the high-transparency spectral region, has paved the way towards real applications based on slow and fast light. This presentation shows the state-of-the-art research in this fascinating field and the possible outcomes in the near future.

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“…Typical materials that have been used to achieve the slow-light effect include photonic crystals, optical fibers, and optical microcavities. [1][2][3][4][5] Recently, the slow-light effect has been realized based on metamaterial-induced transparency (MIT). [6][7][8][9][10][11] However, only a small group index of 100 was obtained in photonic metamaterials because of the relatively large intrinsic loss of metal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An actively ultrafast tunable giant slow-light effect in ultrathin nonlinear metasurfaces

Shi

et al. 2015

Light Sci Appl

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A slow-light effect based on metamaterial-induced transparency (MIT) possesses great practical applications for integrated photonic devices. However, to date, only very weak slow-light effects have been obtained in metamaterials because of the intrinsic loss of metal. Moreover, no active control of slow-light has been achieved in metamaterials. Here, we report the realization of a giant slow-light effect on an ultrathin metasurface that consists of periodic arrays of gold nanoprism dimers with a thickness of 40 nm sandwiched between a multilayer-graphene micro-sheet/zinc oxide nanoparticle layer and a monolayer graphene/polycrystalline indium tin oxide layer. The strong field confinement of the plasmonic modes associated with the MIT ensures a tremendous reduction in the group velocity around the transparency window. A group index of more than 4 3 10 3 is achieved, which is one order of magnitude greater than that of previous reports. A large tunable wavelength range of 120 nm is achieved around the center of the transparency window when the pump light intensity is only 1.5 kW cm 22 . The response time is as fast as 42.3 ps. These results demonstrate the potential for the realization of various functional integrated photonic devices based on metasurfaces, such as all-optical buffers and all-optical switches. INTRODUCTIONThe slow-light effect plays an essential role in the field of nonlinear optics. Typical materials that have been used to achieve the slow-light effect include photonic crystals, optical fibers, and optical microcavities. [1][2][3][4][5] Recently, the slow-light effect has been realized based on metamaterial-induced transparency (MIT). 6-11 However, only a small group index of 100 was obtained in photonic metamaterials because of the relatively large intrinsic loss of metal. 6-11 Moreover, various functional integrated photonic devices, including ultrafast all-optical buffers and all-optical switches, require ultrafast control of the slow-light effect. Photonic metasurfaces offer a variety of opportunities to control light using flat and surface components and have attracted wide attention for their great practical applications in the field, such as optical computing, optical communications, and integrated photonic circuits. [12][13][14][15][16][17] To date, no ultrafast active control of the slow-light effect in metamaterials has been reported.In this letter, we report the realization of an ultrafast all-optical tunable giant slow-light effect in an ultrathin metasurface. The metasurface consists of periodic arrays of gold nanoprism dimers sandwiched between a multilayer-graphene micro-sheet/zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle layer and a monolayer graphene/polycrystalline indium tin oxide (ITO) layer. The strong field confinement of the plasmonic modes associated with the MIT ensures a large reduction in the group velocity in the transparency window. The enhanced nonlinearity brought about by the quantum confinement (QC) effect provided by the ZnO nanoparticles and polycrystalline ITO nanograins, hot...

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Observation of pulse delaying and advancement in optical fibers using stimulated Brillouin scattering

Cited by 523 publications

References 6 publications

Slow and fast light in optical fibres

Slow and fast light in optical fibres

Achievements in slow and fast light in optical fibres

An actively ultrafast tunable giant slow-light effect in ultrathin nonlinear metasurfaces

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