Observation of optical inhomogeneities in the active medium of an F2+D2(H2)+CO2chemical laser

Belotserkovets, A. V.; Zykov, L. I.; Kirillov, G. A.; Kormer, S. B.; Kuratov, Yu V; Savin, Yu V; Sukharev, S. A.

doi:10.1070/qe1976v006n05abeh011360

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…Among theses factors there are diffraction phenomena occurred on an optical aperture and optical uniformity ofan active medium. Investigations carried out by employees ofour Institute showed that a characteristic feature of a chemical laser is a very high optical uniformity superior to that of other kinds of lasers [21,22].…”

Section: Dependence Of Average Specific Output Energy Of Initiatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Powerful chemical lasers

Borisov¹,

Velikanov²,

Zapol'skiy³

et al. 1998

SPIE Proceedings

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, Niznii Novgorod region Chemical reactions are abundant sources of energy varieties concentiated in their excited products. This experimental fact constitutes the basis ofthe conception stated by Poolany J.C. in 1961 [1], who offered to use exothermic chemical reaclions for population inversion. This conception was implemented by Russian scienhsts A.N.Oraevsky and V.L.Tal'roze in their works [2, 3,4,5]. it were they who formulated the major requirements which chemical reactions must meet for effective lasing.The way from theoretical consideration to experimental realization ofthe idea appeared to be very long. Only in 1965 J.V.Kasper and G.C.Pimentel obtained generation from excited HC1 molecules produced in a chain chemical reaction between molecular chlorine and molecular hydrogen [6].However, the possibility to obtain an active laser medium using a chain chemical reaction between fluorine which is the strongest oxidizer and the sfrongest reductant hydrogen didn't come true liii 1969. In his theoretical studies V L Tal'roze emphasized this reaction as one ofthe most promising [2]. It is interesting to note the fact that feasibility study oflasers based on chemical reactions coincides in lime with a sharp step-up in interest to the fluorine-hydrogen reaction stimulated by discovery of the absolutely new effect -branching of the chemical reaction -made by N. N. Semenov and A. I. Shilov in the course oftheir fluorine-hydrogen research [7]. It's necessary to note that strong chemical aggression and toxicity of fluorine caused fragmentary and chaotic character of investigations conducted nil 1962. Actually, study ofthe reaction was accompanied by great difficulties for experinienling staff, and the works dedicated to this chemical system could be counted on the fingers ofone hand.It was transpired that the reaction takes place at every pressure and temperature which could be realized under experimental conditions. A few electrons, light quantums, or simple collisions between reacting molecules and active volume's walls may be just enough to initiate it. It seemed impossible to prepare a mixture of fluorine with hydrogen in every volume, excluding the case ofa very little pressure ofthe main reactants amounting to a few tons, without having an explosion. One ofthe major signposts in this evolution was discovery ofthe mechanisms ensuring combustion limits in a mixture of fluorine with hydrogen, especially with regard to the last, at the expense of a homogeneous fri-molecular reaction of chain termination, which is the best developed at the presence of a third body. A cycle of works carried out by researchers of the Chemical-Physical institute of the Academy of Sciences of USSR (CPI AS USSR) gave the key to actualization ofpossible ways to handle development ofa fluorine-hydrogen reaction.Intensive study of this reaction was accomplished in due course at the CPI AS USSR, where in 1969 the collective guided by V.L. Tal'roze first obtained generation when population inversion was created using a fluorine-hydrogen react...

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Section: Dependence Of Average Specific Output Energy Of Initiatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Powerful chemical lasers

Borisov¹,

Velikanov²,

Zapol'skiy³

et al. 1998

SPIE Proceedings

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Eighth All-Union Conference on Coherent and Nonlinear Optics

Bukhenskiĭ¹,

Polkovnikov²

1976

Sov. J. Quantum Electron.

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We study the effects of a strained contact etch stop layer (CESL) on fully depleted (FD) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices with ultra thin silicon channels. As expected from extensive simulation analysis, the electrical results demonstrate that in spite of the raised source/drain architecture, the stress is effectively transferred from the liner into the underlying channel. Using a tensile liner for the n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (nMOS) and a compressive liner for the p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (pMOS), transistor performance enhancements of 10% and 17%, respectively, were obtained. Moreover, with a tensile (/compressive) liner, tensile (/compressive) edge effects become dominant for short devices whereas the stress becomes less tensile (/compressive) for longer devices. Indeed, the balance between these two contributions and the strain level in the channel are highly dependent on geometrical parameters (W, L gate ).

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Observation of optical inhomogeneities in the active medium of an F₂+D₂(H₂)+CO₂chemical laser

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Powerful chemical lasers

Powerful chemical lasers

Eighth All-Union Conference on Coherent and Nonlinear Optics

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