Observation of nuclear-spin Seebeck effect

Kikkawa, Takashi; Reitz, Derek; Ito, Hiroaki; Makiuchi, Takahiko; Sugimoto, Takahiro; Tsunekawa, Kakeru; Daimon, Shunsuke; Oyanagi, Koichi; Ramos, R.; Takahashi, Saburo; Shiomi, Yuki; Tserkovnyak, Yaroslav; Saitoh, Eiji

doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24623-6

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In spin pumping via hyperfine interaction, g ↑↓ represents the rate of spin-flipped reflection of conduction electron near the magnetic interface. Although the conduction spin has quadrupole anisotropy, due to orthogonality of the terms inside the integral in (13), the nuclear ( 14) spin pumping is isotropic, similar to those of conventional exchange spin pumping, and its magnitude that depends on the hyperfine interaction strength, as observed in Ref. [8].…”

Section: Nuclear Spin Pumpingmentioning

confidence: 72%

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Antiferromagnetic spin pumping via hyperfine interaction

Cahaya

2021

Hyperfine Interact

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Spin pumping is an interfacial spin current generation from the ferromagnetic layer to the non-magnetic metal at its interface. The polarization of the pumped spin current s ∝ × ̇ depends on the dynamics of the magnetic moment . When the materials are based on light transition metals, mechanism behind the spin current transfer is dominated by the exchange interaction between spin of localized d-electrons and itinerant conduction electrons. In heavier transition metals, however, the interaction is not limited to the exchange interaction. The spin of the conduction electron can interact to its nuclear spin by means of hyperfine interaction, as observed in the shift of NMR frequency. By studying the spin polarization of conduction electron of the non-magnetic metallic layer due to a nuclear magnetic moment of the ferromagnetic layer, we show that the hyperfine interaction can mediate the spin pumping. The polarization of the spin current generation is shown to have a similar form J s ∝ × ̇ .

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Section: Nuclear Spin Pumpingmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Because of that, a better understanding of the mechanism spin transfer is required. Furthermore, a more efficient spin energy transfer may be achieved because nuclear spin has a lower excitation energy [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiferromagnetic spin pumping via hyperfine interaction

Cahaya

2021

Hyperfine Interact

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“…Fitting mathematical models to the experimental data has also been proposed as a method to identify the magnetic thermopower [255]. Clearly, measuring the transport properties as a function of the magnetic field is the best method to determine the magnetic thermopower [236,256,257].…”

Section: Magnetic Semiconductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Multiphase Thermoelectric Materials

Fortulan

Yamini

2021

Materials

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Thermoelectric materials, which directly convert thermal energy to electricity and vice versa, are considered a viable source of renewable energy. However, the enhancement of conversion efficiency in these materials is very challenging. Recently, multiphase thermoelectric materials have presented themselves as the most promising materials to achieve higher thermoelectric efficiencies than single-phase compounds. These materials provide higher degrees of freedom to design new compounds and adopt new approaches to enhance the electronic transport properties of thermoelectric materials. Here, we have summarised the current developments in multiphase thermoelectric materials, exploiting the beneficial effects of secondary phases, and reviewed the principal mechanisms explaining the enhanced conversion efficiency in these materials. This includes energy filtering, modulation doping, phonon scattering, and magnetic effects. This work assists researchers to design new high-performance thermoelectric materials by providing common concepts.

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“…in Figure 2 in the previous review article (2). Recent updates include ferromagnetic EuO (15), two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic Cr2Si2Te6, Cr2Ge2Te6 (16,17), ferrimagnetic garnet ferrites R3Fe5O12 (R = Eu, Tb, Dy, Tm) (18,19,20), Y3−xRxFe5O12 with R being 14 rare-earth elements from La to Lu (except for Pm) (21), Lu2Bi1Fe4Ga1O12 (22), spinel ferrites ZnFe2O4 (23), γ-Fe2O3 (24), LiFe5O8 (25), Ni0.65Zn0.35Al0.8Fe1.2O4 (26), Mg 0.5−δ Mn0.5Fe2O4 (27), Y-type hexagonal ferrites Ba2Co2Fe12O22, Ba2Zn2Fe12O22 (28), orthorhombic ferrimagnetic ε-Fe2O3 (29), molecular-based ferrimagnetic Cr II [Cr III (CN)6] (30), various antiferromagnetic (AF) insulators such as NiO (31,32,33,34), FeF2 (35), α-Fe2O3 (36,37), MnCO3 (38), α-Cu2V2O7 (39), SrFeO3 (40), SrMnO3 (41), DyFeO3 (42), and other intriguing materials including a chiral helimagnet Cu2OSeO3 with a skyrmion lattice phase (43,44) and quantum magnets Sr2CuO3 (45,46), CuGeO3 (47), Pb2V3O9 (48), LiCuVO4 (49). In particular, the ferrimagnetic insulator YIG has been essential (1,2), as it exhibits the lowest magnetic damping, high Curie temperature (TC ∼ 560 K), and high resistivity and also is a playground to reveal the role of magnon polarization in SSEs (see Section 6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin Seebeck Effect: Sensitive Probe for Elementary Excitation, Spin Correlation, Transport, Magnetic Order, and Domains in Solids

Kikkawa,

Saitoh

2022

Preprint

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The spin Seebeck effect (SSE) refers to the generation of a spin current as a result of a temperature gradient in a magnetic material, which can be detected electrically via the inverse spin Hall effect in a metallic contact. Since the discovery of SSE in 2008, intensive studies on SSE have been conducted to elucidate its origin. SSEs appear in a wide range of magnetic materials including ferro-, ferri-, and antiferro-magnets and also paramagnets with classical or quantum spin fluctuation. SSE voltage reflects fundamental properties of a magnet, such as elementary excitation, static magnetic order, spin correlation, and spin transport. In this article, we review recent progress on SSEs in various systems, with particular emphasis on its emerging role as a probe of these magnetic properties in solids. We also briefly discuss the recently-discovered nuclear SSE.

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Observation of nuclear-spin Seebeck effect

Cited by 24 publications

References 38 publications

Antiferromagnetic spin pumping via hyperfine interaction

Antiferromagnetic spin pumping via hyperfine interaction

Recent Progress in Multiphase Thermoelectric Materials

Spin Seebeck Effect: Sensitive Probe for Elementary Excitation, Spin Correlation, Transport, Magnetic Order, and Domains in Solids

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