Observation of magnetoelectric behavior at room temperature in Pb(FexTi1−x)O3

Palkar, V. R.; Malik, S.K.

doi:10.1016/j.ssc.2005.01.032

Cited by 134 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The pyrochlore phase at 700°C is due to a low sintering temperature, which diminishes on increasing the temperature to 1000°C. The similar impurity phase was also observed in Pb͑Fe Ti͒O 3 system by Palkar et al 15 The particle size was calculated from XRD peak broadening using Scherer's formula as in Eq. ͑1͒.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…In recent years, a few studies have been carried out to investigate on multiferroic properties of Fe substituted PbTiO 3 system. Palkar et al 15 have first observed magnetoelectric properties in ferroelectric PbTiO 3 by partially substituting Ti with Fe. Ren et al 16 showed room temperature ferromagnetism in Fe doped PbTiO 3 nanocrystals prepared by hydrothermal method using polyethylene glycol as surfactant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resistivity dependent dielectric and magnetic properties of Pb(Fe0.012Ti0.988)O3 nanoparticles

Verma

Kotnala

Thakur

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Physics

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High resistivity in nanostructured Pb͑Fe 0.012 Ti 0.988 ͒O 3 system prepared by using polyvinyl alcohol ͑PVA͒ in chemical route is observed. The PVA acts as a surfactant to limit the particle size. The Fe substitution for Ti controls the chemical stoichiometry and reduces the lattice distortion, i.e., c / a ratio, and hence the transition temperature reduces with Fe content. The phase structure, morphology, particle size, dc resistivity, and dielectric and magnetic properties of Pb͑Fe 0.012 Ti 0.988 ͒O 3 nanoparticles have been characterized by x-ray diffraction, transmission/ scanning electron microscopy, source meter, LCR meter, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The results indicate that the nanosize particles have high resistivity, which improves the dielectric constant at high-frequency region and increases magnetization of the specimens. The observed variable-range-hopping conduction mechanism indicates that Fe doping leads to the occurrence of local defect states in the PbTiO 3 lattice. The dispersionless dielectric properties with low loss are observed up to 15 MHz. The dielectric properties are improved than those obtained by the conventional process. The initial permeability values do not exhibit much variation up to ferromagnetic transition temperature after which it falls sharply. The large value of saturation magnetization is observed at room temperature.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistivity dependent dielectric and magnetic properties of Pb(Fe0.012Ti0.988)O3 nanoparticles

Verma

Kotnala

Thakur

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…This porosity may be created by PVA, when used as binder during pellet formation process. Compared with the results reported by Palkar et al 18 for Pb͑FeTi͒O 3 system, the present system of Sr-doped Pb͑Fe, Ti͒O 3 shows better spontaneous polarization. This improvement may be attributed to small particles, which can easily control crystalline structure, defects, oxygen vacancies, and stiochiometry.…”

contrasting

confidence: 72%

Ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity in highly resistive Pb0.7Sr0.3(Fe0.012Ti0.988)O3 nanoparticles and its conduction by variable-range-hopping mechanism

Verma

Singh

Kotnala

et al. 2008

Applied Physics Letters

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The enhancement in ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity at room temperature for Pb 0.7 Sr 0.3 ͑Fe 0.012 Ti 0.988 ͒O 3 ͑PSFT͒ nanoparticles is proved by magnetization and polarization hysteresis loop. The x-ray diffraction and micrograph show that the PSFT nanoparticles have distorted tetragonal single phase, and their average particle's size is 8 nm. The effect of Sr content reduces the particle size, and hence the multiferroic system becomes more resistive, which dominates the superparamagnetic/paraelectric relaxation. The variable-range-hopping conduction mechanism explained the high resistivity of PSFT nanoparticles, which suggests that the room temperature movement of electrons involves short-range order through defect states. © 2008 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.2973400͔The emerging trend of size reduction in nanomultiferroic system becomes more interesting in its field. In fact, the small nanomultiferroic systems have remarkable electric ͑i.e., spontaneous polarization͒ as well as magnetic ͑i.e., saturation magnetization͒ orders, which may be due to the short-range movement of electrons within the Fermi gap, and thus increase resistivity. These electromagnetite nanoparticles are used in data-storage media, 1 spintronic devices, 2 and multiple-stage memories. 3 The most studied multiferroic systems of BiFeO 3 have low resistivity, 4 which results in weak ferromagnetism 5 and small polarization at room temperature. 6 Li et al. 7 reported the low resistivity in BiFeO 3 system, i.e., dependent on oxygen vacancies, low valence Fe ion due to their nonstiochiometric behavior and incomplete charge compensation, which may effect the distortion of the lattice. Rossiter et al. 8 reported that the highly resistive magnetoelectric semiconductor attributes short-range interaction between the conduction and the localized spin electrons, which are highly disordered and contribute weak superparamagnetic/paraelectric relaxation. In our previous work of Fe-doped PbTiO 3 nanoparticles, 9 the effect of polyvinyl alcohol ͑PVA͒ to reduce the particle size, which resulted in an increase in resistivity and improvement in ferromagnetism, was observed. The reported value of resistivity was in the order of 10 10 ⍀ cm, which is higher than other multiferroic systems such as BiFeO 3 . The resistivity of Fedoped PbTiO 3 system can further increase by reducing particle size with Sr substitution. Pontes et al. 10 reported the effect of Sr doping in PbTiO 3 to reduce grain size because the Sr content attributes lower grain-growth rates due to the slower diffusion of Sr 2+ with Pb 2+ ion. The substitutions of Sr at Pb site and Fe at Ti site may provide relaxation stability and interesting transport properties. In literature, 11,12 different stabilized relaxation processes were studied with varying temperature by a variable-range-hopping ͑VRH͒ conduction mechanism, which was employed when the conduction band is absent, and the extended states are far away from the Fermi level.In this letter, we report the enhanced ferromagne...

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“…Unfortunately, most of the known multiferroic systems are antiferromegnetic with transition temperatures below room temperature [3,4]. Therefore, for device applications these materials hardly find any use.Recently, we have reported novel materials exhibiting magnetoelectric properties at room temperature [5][6][7]. In this letter we report room temperature multiferroic properties for lower compared to any of these phases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 76%

Scanning probe imaging of coexistent ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity at room temperature

Palkar

Purandare

Gohil

et al. 2007

Applied Physics Letters

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Room temperature coexistence of ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity in a thin film of a novel material of nominal composition PbTi 0.5 Fe 0.5 O 3 - is probed by standard ferroelectric and ferromagnetic hysteresis loop measurements and by scanning probe microscopy of various kinds.Both magnetic domains and ferroelectric domains are observed in the same spatial region of the material, implying phase coexistence in this system. For both order parameters, sample morphology strongly affects roughness of the domain walls. PACS: 75.80.+q, 85.40, 68.64.Dz ________________________________________________________________ Recent resurgence of interest in multiferroic systems in general, and in magnetoelectric systems in particular, is driven by two different reasons, namely, the basic physics of coexistence of two order parameters in the ground state and the possibility of using this coexistence, and a possible coupling between them, for devising novel applications [1][2]. Magnetoelectric systems, which exhibit coexistence of magnetism and ferroelectricity with a possible coupling between the two order parameters, are of particular importance, especially when the magnetism is of the ferromagnetic variety. Multifunctional and exotic non-volatile memory applications are possible in that case. However, the presence of local spins and of off-centered structural distortion are basic requirements for magnetic and ferroelectric properties, respectively and naturally, these two seemingly unrelated phenomena rarely co-exist at room temperature. Unfortunately, most of the known multiferroic systems are antiferromegnetic with transition temperatures below room temperature [3,4]. Therefore, for device applications these materials hardly find any use.Recently, we have reported novel materials exhibiting magnetoelectric properties at room temperature [5][6][7]. In this letter we report room temperature multiferroic properties for lower compared to any of these phases. It is essential to reproduce these properties in thin films for their usefulness in practical applications, as well as for further basic physics investigations. In this letter we report that thin films of this material, grown on Pt/TiO 2 /SiO 2 /Si substrate by using Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) technique, preserve the room temperature multiferroic nature of this system. More importantly we are successful in demonstrating the phase coexistence occurring at microscopic scale as well.In order to achieve good chemical homogeneity and controlled stoichiometry, Pb(Ti 0.5 Fe 0.5 )O 3- powder sample was prepared by using wet chemical route (co-precipitation).The detailed procedure for synthesis is described elsewhere [7]. From Nominal composition (with Fe +3 replacing Ti +4 ) one would expect the system to be an electrical conductor. Instead, we have been able to synthesize samples, which are insulating. Powder samples thus prepared were compacted and sintered at 1000 C/2hr. to obtain dense target for the laser ablation process.Sintering was carried out in PbO atmosph...

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Observation of magnetoelectric behavior at room temperature in Pb(FexTi1−x)O3

Cited by 134 publications

References 11 publications

Resistivity dependent dielectric and magnetic properties of Pb(Fe0.012Ti0.988)O3 nanoparticles

Resistivity dependent dielectric and magnetic properties of Pb(Fe0.012Ti0.988)O3 nanoparticles

Ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity in highly resistive Pb0.7Sr0.3(Fe0.012Ti0.988)O3 nanoparticles and its conduction by variable-range-hopping mechanism

Scanning probe imaging of coexistent ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity at room temperature

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