Observation of Magnetic Solitons in Two-Component Bose-Einstein Condensates

Phase diagram of solitons in the polar phase of a spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate

“…In the context of BEC, the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) theory renders a classical description of Bose-condensed systems by ignoring all fluctuations. In most cases, the GP theory describes the static as well as dynamic properties of a weakly interacting BEC in excellent agreement with experimental oberavations [26][27][28][29], provided that the temperature is sufficiently low [10,11,30,31]. In this section, we give a brief account for the GP theory of spin-1 BEC.…”

“…As the AF-core soliton was already created in the spinor condensate of sodium (with c s > 0) [15], the F-and BA-core solitons can in principle be generated in a spinor condensate of rubidium/lithium (with c s < 0) via quantum quenches [15,28,29,40] or phase imprinting method [29], which are within the reach of the state-of-the-art techniques. Furthermore, by tuning the quadratic Zeeman energy via changing the magnitude of magnetic field, the transition between different types of soliton states can be probed experimentally.…”

Observation of Massless and Massive Collective Excitations with Faraday Patterns in a Two-Component Superfluid

“…The two-component BEC is prepared by employing the technique described in [21,22], where we coherently transfer half of the atomic population to the |F, m F = |1, 1 state through an adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) sequence. In the presence of a uniform magnetic field B = 1.3 G oriented along the vertical direction, we apply a microwave coupling field that addresses the twophoton transition with an effective Rabi frequency Ω R = 2π × 180 Hz initially red-detuned from the transition to the |1, 1 state.…”

“…The two-component BEC is then prepared through an adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) sequence [21,22], which coherently transfers half of the atomic population to the |1, 1 state, using a two-photon microwave transition [19]. At the end of the ARP, the microwave drive is either completely switched off (experiments in Fig.…”

On-demand generation of dark soliton trains in Bose-Einstein condensates

“…The first experimental realizations of DB solitons in BECs almost a decade ago [14,[27][28][29][30][31], as well as subsequent experimental realizations of their variants and generalizations [15,19,[32][33][34][35] have motivated a significant amount of interest in studying their dynamics and interactions [18,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. In particular, several methods have been proposed to create DB soliton structures.…”