Observation of liquid glass in suspensions of ellipsoidal colloids

Abstract

Despite the omnipresence of colloidal suspensions, little is known about the influence of colloid shape on phase transformations, especially in nonequilibrium. To date, real-space imaging results at high concentrations have been limited to systems composed of spherical colloids. In most natural and technical systems, however, particles are nonspherical, and their structural dynamics are determined by translational and rotational degrees of freedom. Using confocal microscopy of fluorescently labeled core–shell particles, we reveal that suspensions of ellipsoidal colloids form an unexpected state of matter, a liquid glass in which rotations are frozen while translations remain fluid. Image analysis unveils hitherto unknown nematic precursors as characteristic structural elements of this state. The mutual obstruction of these ramified clusters prevents liquid crystalline order. Our results give insight into the interplay between local structures and phase transformations. This helps to guide applications such as self-assembly of colloidal superstructures and also gives evidence of the importance of shape on the glass transition in general.

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“…It is well known from earlier investigations that emulsions exhibit fractal structures at small sizes [49]; however, structural imaging at high concentrations has been limited to systems composed of spherical colloids. The authors of [48] revealed that suspensions of ellipsoidal colloids form an unexpected state of matter, a liquid glass in which rotations are frozen while translations remain fluid. The nematic precursors were characteristic structural elements of this state, and the mutual obstruction of these ramified clusters prevented liquid crystalline order.…”