Observation of light-induced refractive index reduction in bulk glass and application to the formation of complex waveguides

Ljungstrom, A.M.; Monro, Tanya M.

doi:10.1364/oe.10.000230

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Evolution of a self-written pipe structure using a Laguerre-Gaussian first-order donut beam with a peak-to-peak value of 30 µm. 36 mentally demonstrated 36 that, similar to the earlier works by Sarkisov et al, 32,34 it is possible to use self-writing to enhance the divergence of a Gaussian beam. Numerical simulations were also performed using a first-order Laguerre-Gaussian "donut" writing beam.…”

Section: Dark Self-written Beamssupporting

confidence: 54%

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Self-Written Waveguides in Photosensitive Materials

Sukhorukov

Shoji

Kivshar

et al. 2002

J. Nonlinear Optic. Phys. Mat.

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We present an overview of the physics of self-written waveguides created in photosensitive optical materials, including the experimental observations and the corresponding theoretical models for describing the growth of both bright and dark self-written beams. We discuss in more details the properties of self-written waveguides created in photosensitive polymers, which have been discovered in the recent experimental and theoretical studies. The self-writing process is essentially a nonlinear phenomenon, since the temporal dynamics depends on the optical exposure. Under appropriate conditions, permanent large changes in the refractive index are induced along the propagation direction of an optical beam, so that optical channels, or "filaments", appear as waveguides becoming "frozen" in a photosensitive material. We describe the growth of individual filaments as well as the interaction of several filaments, also making a comparison between the physics of self-written waveguides and the concept of spatial optical solitons in selffocusing nonlinear media.

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Section: Dark Self-written Beamssupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Recently, Ljungström and Monro observed many similar effects in a bulk geometry, using Nd-doped Bk7 glass. 36 When this material is illuminated at 488 nm, a decrease in the refractive index of order of 10 −4 can be induced. It was experi-Self-Written Waveguides in Photosensitive Materials 399 Fig.…”

Section: Dark Self-written Beamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Written Waveguides in Photosensitive Materials

Sukhorukov

Shoji

Kivshar

et al. 2002

J. Nonlinear Optic. Phys. Mat.

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show abstract

“…We previously observed that bulk Nd-doped Bk7 glass is photosensitive, exhibiting a negative index change of 10 Ϫ4 at 488 nm. 11 Therefore we chose to investigate K ϩ -ion-exchanged Nd-doped Bk7 glass, which has previously been used as a host for planar waveguide lasers, 13 and hence self-writing offers the possibility of integrating passive and active devices.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,10 In bulk geometry experiments have been carried out in gallium lanthanum sulfide chalcogenide glass 3 and in Nd-doped Bk7 glass. 11 So far only tapers and channels have been written experimentally in glass, although further progress has been made in photopolymers, largely because photopolymers exhibit reproducible photosensitivity that occurs rapidly (seconds) and large index changes can be obtained (⌬n Ͻ 0.03). 7 This work in polymers demonstrates that self-writing is a powerful technique for creating novel waveguides, and similar improvements in glass would facilitate the development of solid devices with the advantage of ready integration with conventional technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%