Observation of Lévy statistics in one-dimensional erbium-based random fiber laser

Lima, Bismarck Costa; Gomes, Anderson S. L.; Pincheira, Pablo I. R.; Moura, André L.; Gagné, Mathieu; Raposo, Ernesto P.; Araújo, Cid B. de; Kashyap, Raman

doi:10.1364/josab.34.000293

Cited by 64 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The Er-RFL output was split, through a 1480 nm/1550 nm WDM, to a power meter and a spectrometer. [68], which is higher than in the original work of ref. [45] due to the lossy components employed.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Fbg-based Er-rfl Explored As A Staticontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…Here we highlight that the RSB glassy phase has been also characterized in the above-mentioned Er-RFL system [68,69]. The emergence of such phase is actually justified since the Er-RFL presents the disorder and nonlinear ingredients necessary to the theoretical description through an effective photonic Hamiltonian with the general features discussed above.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Its second moment can be very large, though still finite, depending on the value of , mainly if /2 ≪ 1. Indeed, the experimental results obtained for the Er-RFL (see below) indicate [68] that the distribution of output intensities displays much larger variance and much stronger fluctuations close to the threshold, if compared with those below and above the threshold. In this sense, as argued below, the PDF of intensities is most properly described by the Lévy α-stable distribution [88] for a long time in cw-pumped RLs, such as the Er-RFL system [68], or during an extensive number of shots in the case of pulsed RLs [89] (Lévy-like statistical behavior).…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Currently, the FBG fabrication methods, characterization and management constitute a well-developed field, and further information on this subject is deferred to ref. [68]. Typically, a writing setup based, for instance, on cw UV radiation or femtosecond sources at 800 nm is employed to inscribe a FBG into a conventional or core-doped optical fiber.…”

Section: Fiber Bragg Grating Based Random Fiber Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1, reproduced from ref. [68]. The pump source was a semiconductor laser operating in the cw regime at 1480 nm, delivering 150 mW output power at the fiber pigtail.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Fbg-based Er-rfl Explored As A Statimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lévy Statistics and Glassy Behavior of Light in Random Fiber Lasers

Araújo¹,

Gomes²,

Raposo³

2017

Preprint

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Abstract:The interest in random fiber lasers (RFLs), first demonstrated one decade ago, is still growing and their basic characteristics have been studied by several authors. RFLs are open systems that present instabilities in the intensity fluctuations due to the energy exchange among their non-orthogonal quasi-modes. In this work, we present a review of the recent investigations on the output characteristics of a continuous-wave erbium-doped RFL, with emphasis on the statistical behavior of the emitted intensity fluctuations. A progression from the Gaussian to Lévy and back to the Gaussian statistical regime was observed by increasing the excitation laser power from below to above the RFL threshold. By analyzing the RFL output intensity fluctuations, the probability density function of emission intensities was determined, and its correspondence with the experimental results was identified, enabling a clear demonstration of the analogy between the RFL phenomenon and the spin-glass phase transition. A replica-symmetry-breaking phase above the RFL threshold was characterized and the glassy behavior of the emitted light was established. We also discuss perspectives for future investigations on RFL systems.

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Section: Characterization Of the Fbg-based Er-rfl Explored As A Staticontrasting

confidence: 64%

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Fiber Bragg Grating Based Random Fiber Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1, reproduced from ref. [68]. The pump source was a semiconductor laser operating in the cw regime at 1480 nm, delivering 150 mW output power at the fiber pigtail.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Fbg-based Er-rfl Explored As A Statimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lévy Statistics and Glassy Behavior of Light in Random Fiber Lasers

Araújo¹,

Gomes²,

Raposo³

2017

Preprint

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Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Polymer Optical Fiber Random Laser with Resonant Feedback

Chan

Cheng

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

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demonstration of RFL by inserting TiO 2 particles and rhodamine 6G dyes into the hollow core of a photonic crystal fiber, which opened the research field of RFLs. [15] Subsequently, both coherent and incoherent RFLs based on various fiber structures have been demonstrated. [16][17][18] These RFLs have several merits like low threshold, directional output, and low-cost fabrication, indicating that they are superior to other conventional RLs in some applications. [16] According to the feedback mechanism, RFLs can be generally classified into two categories: (1) RFLs based on common single mode fibers with the feedback provided by Rayleigh scattering and Raman effect, [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] (2) RFLs based on specific fibers (e.g., liquid core optical fibers, polymer optical fibers, and erbium-doped fibers) with the feedback provided by doped particles or randomly distributed Bragg gratings. [16,[26][27][28][29][30][31] For the first type of RFLs, their length are normally more than several kilometers, which limits their applications. [18] Conversely, the size of the second type of RFLs is in the centimeter scale. [26] Moreover, the properties of the second type of RFLs (e.g., shape, size, lasing wavelength, and laser threshold) could be tuned via controlling the fiber materials, scatterers, and optical gain medium. [27,28,32] As a result, the second type of RFLs can be regarded as ideal experimental systems for the investigation of random lasing with novel materials (like plasmonic materials), which have already been reported in several studies. [17,33,34] However, these studies mainly focus on experimental studies and corresponding theoretical models are still lacking to date. There is a need to find an effective numerical model to describe the lasing dynamic in the RFLs. Moreover, although RFLs have great potential in various applications, no practical application has been reported in the past studies.In the present work, we have demonstrated polymer optical fiber RLs (POFRLs) by doping TiO 2 nanoparticles and Rh640 perchlorate dyes into the core of the POFs. The optical gain in our POFRL was provided by Rh640 perchlorate dyes which are widely used organic luminescent dyes for many dye laser systems. The TiO 2 nanoparticles worked as scatterers to provide multiscattering events for light propagation and the resulting scattering strength is in the weakly scattering regime (scattering mean free path l s ≫ emission wavelength λ). Multimode and coherent random lasing was observed in our POFRLs, which 1D random fiber laser is a novel fiber-based laser, which exhibits many unique optical properties and shows great promise for various applications including speckle-free imaging. A multimode and coherent polymer optical fiber random laser (POFRL) is successfully fabricated by doping TiO 2 nanoparticles and Rh640 perchlorate dyes in the core of a polymer optical fiber (POF). The waveguide effect provided by the POF greatly increases the multiscattering events for light propagation and results in laser cavity with muc...

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Replica Symmetry Breaking in FRET‐Assisted Random Laser Based on Electrospun Polymer Fiber

Xia

Xie

et al. 2019

Annalen der Physik

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Spin‐glass theory has been widely introduced to describe the statistical behaviors in complex physical systems. By analogy between disorder photonics and other complex systems, the glassy behavior, especially the replica symmetry breaking (RSB) phenomenon, has been observed in random lasers. However, previous studies only analyzed the statistical properties of the random laser systems with single gain material. Here, the first experimental evidence of the glassy behavior in a random laser with complex energy level structure is reported. This novel random laser is demonstrated based on the electrospun polymer fibers with the assistance of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The electrospinning technology employed in the experiment herein promises high‐volume production of random laser devices with multiple energy levels, enabling the comprehensive investigation of lasing properties in multi‐energy level random laser system. Clear paramagnetic phase and spin‐glass phase are observed in the FRET‐assisted random laser under different pump energies. The RSB phase transition is verified to occur at the laser threshold, which is robust among the random lasers with different donor–acceptor ratio. The finding of RSB in FRET‐assisted random laser provides a new statistical analysis method toward the laser system with complex energy level, for example, quantum cascade laser.

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Observation of Lévy statistics in one-dimensional erbium-based random fiber laser

Cited by 64 publications

References 52 publications

Lévy Statistics and Glassy Behavior of Light in Random Fiber Lasers

Lévy Statistics and Glassy Behavior of Light in Random Fiber Lasers

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Polymer Optical Fiber Random Laser with Resonant Feedback

Replica Symmetry Breaking in FRET‐Assisted Random Laser Based on Electrospun Polymer Fiber

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Observation of Lévy statistics in one-dimensional erbium-based random fiber laser

Cited by 64 publications

References 52 publications

L&eacute;vy Statistics and Glassy Behavior of Light in Random Fiber Lasers

L&eacute;vy Statistics and Glassy Behavior of Light in Random Fiber Lasers

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Polymer Optical Fiber Random Laser with Resonant Feedback

Replica Symmetry Breaking in FRET‐Assisted Random Laser Based on Electrospun Polymer Fiber

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Product

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Lévy Statistics and Glassy Behavior of Light in Random Fiber Lasers

Lévy Statistics and Glassy Behavior of Light in Random Fiber Lasers