Observation of Genuine One-Way Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Steering

Wollmann, Sabine; Walk, Nathan; Bennet, Adam; Wiseman, Howard Mark; Pryde, Geoff J.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.116.160403

Cited by 202 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…One of the most distinguishable properties of quantum steering is its asymmetry, which has been recently experimentally demonstrated in flat spacetime . To understand these properties in the curved spacetime, we also calculate the steerability

{scriptG}^{b_{2} \to b_{1}}

, which is

G^{b_{2} \to b_{1}} = trueprefixmax ({} 0, ln \frac{1 + 2 {sinh}^{2} (2 s) Θ_{2}^{2}}{1 + 2 (1 - {normalΘ}_{2}^{2}) {sinh}^{2} s})

Similarly, this equation can be rewritten in its perturbative expansion form as

G^{b_{2} \to b_{1}} ≃ max \{0, G_{0} - \frac{δ^{2} Ω_{B, 0}^{2}}{2 σ^{2}} (() {prefixsinh}^{2} false(s false) + \frac{{prefixsinh}^{2} false(2 s false)}{cosh false(4 s false)})\}

This equation gives us a quantitative way to evaluate the contributions of the curved background spacetime of the Earth to the steering for the

b_{2} \to b_{1}

scenario, when the satellites are far away from the Earth.…”

Section: The Influence Of Gravitational Effects On Quantum Steerabilimentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite‐Based Quantum Steering under the Influence of Spacetime Curvature of the Earth

2018

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Spacetime curvature of the Earth deforms wave packets of photons sent from the Earth to satellites, thus influencing the quantum state of light. We show that Gaussian steering of photon pairs, which are initially prepared in a two‐mode squeezed state, is affected by the curved spacetime background of the Earth. We demonstrate that quantum steerability of the state increases for a specific range of height h and then gradually approaches a finite value with further increasing height of the satellite's orbit. Comparing with the peak frequency parameter, the Gaussian steering changes more for different squeezing parameters, while the gravitational frequency effect leads to quantum steering asymmetry between the photon pairs. In addition, we find that the influence of spacetime curvature on the steering in the Kerr spacetime is very different from the non‐rotating case because special relativistic effects are involved.

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{scriptG}^{b_{2} \to b_{1}}

, which is

G^{b_{2} \to b_{1}} = trueprefixmax ({} 0, ln \frac{1 + 2 {sinh}^{2} (2 s) Θ_{2}^{2}}{1 + 2 (1 - {normalΘ}_{2}^{2}) {sinh}^{2} s})

Similarly, this equation can be rewritten in its perturbative expansion form as

G^{b_{2} \to b_{1}} ≃ max \{0, G_{0} - \frac{δ^{2} Ω_{B, 0}^{2}}{2 σ^{2}} (() {prefixsinh}^{2} false(s false) + \frac{{prefixsinh}^{2} false(2 s false)}{cosh false(4 s false)})\}

This equation gives us a quantitative way to evaluate the contributions of the curved background spacetime of the Earth to the steering for the

b_{2} \to b_{1}

scenario, when the satellites are far away from the Earth.…”

Section: The Influence Of Gravitational Effects On Quantum Steerabilimentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite‐Based Quantum Steering under the Influence of Spacetime Curvature of the Earth

2018

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“…[14,15] On the one hand, not all entangled states are steerable, but on the other hand, not all steerable states violate Bell inequality. [17,18] As we know, some quantum effects can be revealed by combining multiple quantum information resources with no quantum effect together, which is referred to as superactivation. That is, there exists the case when Alice can steer Bob's state but Bob cannot steer Alice's state, which is referred to as one-way steerable and has been demonstrated theoretically [16] and experimentally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activating the Violation of Steering Inequality for Two‐Qubit X States

et al. 2019

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The phenomenon of superactivation of quantum steering, that is, the fact that by combining several copies of the unsteerable quantum state one can get a steerable quantum state, has recently attracted much attention. This property is currently only known for isotropic states, and whether there exists an example other than isotropic states is so far an open question. It is of great importance to learn the activation property of non-isotropic states. In this paper, it is shown that the violation of the local uncertainty relations (LUR) steering inequality can be activated for two-qubit X type entangled mixed states. Although the activation phenomenon proven in this paper cannot guarantee the superactivation of steering for two-qubit X states, it does provide clues for this goal. In addition, previous results indicate that two copies are enough for the superactivation of steering, while the price to pay is a high local dimension, and it is unclear whether superactivation is possible with few copies in low-dimensional systems such as two-qubit systems. By providing examples of activation of LUR steering inequality with two copies in a two-qubit system, the work may open a potential way to the solution of this question.

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“…Other measurement methods used to show the property of one-way EPR steering have been theoretically constructed, including general projective measurements [14], arbitrary finite-setting positiveoperator-valued measures (POVMs) [8], infinite-setting POVMs [15], and infinite number of arbitrary projective measurements [16]. Very recently, genuine one-way EPR steering was experimentally demonstrated by two groups independently [17,18], based on proposals in Refs. [16] and [14], respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swapping of Gaussian Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering

Wang

Qin

2017

Phys. Rev. A

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Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is a quantum mechanical phenomenon that allows one party to steer the state of a distant party by exploiting their shared entanglement. It has potential applications in secure quantum communication. In this paper, we present two swapping schemes of Gaussian EPR steering, single-channel and dual-channel schemes, by the technique of entanglement swapping. Two space-separated independent EPR steering states without a direct interaction present EPR steering after deterministic swapping. By comparing the EPR steering of the singlechannel and dual-channel schemes, we show that the transmission distance of the single-channel scheme is much longer than that of the symmetric dual-channel scheme. Different from entanglement swapping, one-way EPR steering is presented after swapping over lossy channels. The most interesting thing is that the change of the EPR steering direction is observed in the dual-channel scheme. We also show that excess noise in a quantum channel will shorten the transmission distance of the swapping, even leading to the sudden death of EPR steering. The presented schemes provide a technical reference for remote quantum communications with EPR steering.

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Observation of Genuine One-Way Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Steering

Cited by 202 publications

References 43 publications

Satellite‐Based Quantum Steering under the Influence of Spacetime Curvature of the Earth

Satellite‐Based Quantum Steering under the Influence of Spacetime Curvature of the Earth

Activating the Violation of Steering Inequality for Two‐Qubit X States

Swapping of Gaussian Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering

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