Observation of elite gymnastic performance: Processes and perceived functions of observation

Hars, Mélany; Calmels, Claire

doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.06.004

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Moreover observation provides spatial and temporal information concerning the relationship of the muscles and joints involved in the movement (Ste-Marie et al, 2012). Hars and Calmels (2007) conducted a previous qualitative study on elite gymnasts' use of observation within practice, to improve performance of their technical execution, and showed that this protocol increased their imagery use and their visual perceptions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of video observation and motor imagery on jumping performance in national rhythmic gymnastics athletes

Battaglia

D’Artibale

Fiorilli

et al. 2014

Human Movement Science

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of video observation and motor imagery on jumping performance in national rhythmic gymnastics athletes

Battaglia

D’Artibale

Fiorilli

et al. 2014

Human Movement Science

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“…Clark, et al, 2006;Dowrick & Raeburn, 1995;Hars & Calmels, 2007;Starek & McCullagh, 1999;Winfrey & Weeks, 1993), it is hyphotesized that freedom of choice brings benefits from individual learning needs. Thus, in the final practice session several learners could have reached a performance level at which the greatest need was the one of parameterization, that is, adjustments of the details of the movement pattern, like the advanced learners do, as shown by the studies on self-observation of the best performance (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, in the final practice session several learners could have reached a performance level at which the greatest need was the one of parameterization, that is, adjustments of the details of the movement pattern, like the advanced learners do, as shown by the studies on self-observation of the best performance (e.g. Hars & Calmels, 2007; SteMarie, Rymal, Vertes, & Martini, 2011a;Winfrey & Weeks, 1993). For instance, Ste-Marie, Vertes, Rymal, and Martini (2011b) used the self-observation of the best performance in gymnasts at a competitive level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The intermediate learner’s choice of self-as-a-model strategies and the eight-session practice in learning of the front crawl swim

Marques

Thon

Espanhol³

et al. 2017

Kinesiology (Zagreb, Online)

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Abstract:The aim of this study was to investigate the intermediate learners' choice of self-as-a-model strategies for learning the front crawl swim by extending the amount of practice. Participants (n=40) were divided into three groups: choice (free to choose to watch a video footage of their best or overall performance anytime during a practice), yoked (paired to the learners of the choice group), and control group (did not watch any video). Experimental design also involved a pretest, eigh tacquisition blocks, and a 48-hour retention test. The measures included a qualitative analysis of the front crawl swim and the rate of self-efficacy belief questionnaire. Results showed better learning of the front crawl swim for the choice group in comparison to the yoked and control group. It was also verified that the belief of self-efficacy improved in the choice and yoked groups. Most learners chose self-observation of their overall performance during the entire practice. The rest of learners waved in their choices. Self-observation of either the best or overall performance had similar effects on learning the front crawl swim. In conclusion, to provide learners with freedom of choice during the extended acquisition phase was positive for motor learning, regardless of whether or not there were changes in their choices.

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“…Although the gymnast is invested in the outcome of his own routine, he can learn from watching the routines of other gymnasts regarding both techniques and even pitfalls for a given competition --for example, to obtain a stick bonus on a landing having an uneven mat, the gymnast learns not only from his warm-ups but also from observing the landings of his fellow gymnasts. In essence the elite gymnast must have excellent skills of observation (self and others), imagery, and self-talk while being able to listen to coach's feedback to maximize self-assessment, improve technical execution, and improve visual perceptions 32 . Also, it is important to pay attention to the judges --their signals and facial expressions can yield valuable information in competition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in gymnastics: preliminary findings

Kaufman

Bajaj

Schiltz

2011

Apunts. Medicina de l'Esport

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Background: Athletic performance without benefit from performance-enhancing substances is essential in amateur sports; yet, prohibiting specific medications creates discrimination against competitors with a medical illness. To avoid such inequalities, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) adopted international standards for therapeutic use exemptions (TUE). Attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment within the athletic population is a unique challenge. Stimulants, first-line treatment for ADHD, are prohibited unless alternative, nonprohibited medications have first been tried and found ineffective. The world prevalence of ADHD is 5.3%; however, there are no ADHD prevalence studies in sports. This paper addresses ADHD in a boys' gymnastics team, implications for further research with a proposed surveyquestionnaire to measure prevalence of ADHD with behavioral effects of gymnastics, and ethical considerations. Method: Preliminary ADHD prevalence in a boys' gymnastics team is presented with complementary literature review and a proposed survey-questionnaire to estimate actual ADHD prevalence in gymnastics populations with behavioral effects. Results: The parents of boys in a gymnastic reported that 5 of 7 (71.4%) boys were either diagnosed with ADHD in the past or had been treated with stimulant or non-stimulant medications for inattentive/hyperactive/impulsive behaviours. Parents described gymnastics as effective behavioral therapy in controlling/improving ADHD symptoms, with this effect extending into other environments (home/classroom). Only one parent was aware of WADA stimulant prohibition. Conclusions: A surprisingly large ADHD prevalence is reported in one boys' gymnastic team. Further research is required to verify this high ADHD prevalence and behavioral effects in gymnastics. A proposed survey-questionnaire to measure both ADHD prevalence and behavioral effects in gymnastics is presented. © 2010 Consell Català de l'Esport. Generalitat de Catalunya. Published by Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved. * Corresponding author. E-mail address: kaufmakr@umdnj.edu (K.R. Kaufman). Documento descargado de http://www.apunts.org el 29/06/2011. Copia para uso personal, se prohíbe la transmisión de este documento por cualquier medio o formato. Trastorno de déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) en gimnasia: resultados preliminares Resumen:Antecedentes: En el deporte amateur es esencial alcanzar un rendimiento deportivo sin el beneficio de sustancias que lo mejoren. Sin embargo, la prohibición de determinados fármacos genera una discriminación a los competidores con determinadas enfermedades. Para evitar esas desigualdades, la Agencia Mundial Antidopaje (AMA) aprobó las normas internacionales para la autorización de uso terapéutico (AUT). El tratamiento del trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) supone un desafío único en el deporte. Los estimulantes, el tratamiento de primera línea para el TDAH, están prohibidos a menos que haya medicamentos alternativos que hayan sido pre...

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Observation of elite gymnastic performance: Processes and perceived functions of observation

Cited by 39 publications

References 36 publications

Use of video observation and motor imagery on jumping performance in national rhythmic gymnastics athletes

Use of video observation and motor imagery on jumping performance in national rhythmic gymnastics athletes

The intermediate learner’s choice of self-as-a-model strategies and the eight-session practice in learning of the front crawl swim

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in gymnastics: preliminary findings

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