Observation of Electron Neutrino Appearance in the NuMI Beam with the NOvA Experiment

New constraints on oscillation parameters fromνeappearance andνμdisappearance in the NOvA experiment

“…First, we build three-dimensional event vertices using the intersection of lines constructed from Hough transforms applied to each two-dimensional detector view separately [37,38]. Hits in the same view falling roughly along common directions emanating from these vertices are further grouped into "prongs," which are then matched between views based on their extent and energy deposition [39,40]. We use these prongs to remove events where the energy of the event is distributed largely transverse to the neutrino beam direction; our simulation and our large sample of cosmic data taken from minimum-bias triggers indicate such events are typically cosmogenic.…”

Context-enriched identification of particles with a convolutional network for neutrino events

“…While raw data from the NOvA experiment is not publicly available, details of NOvA's simulation produced with GENIE [21] and GEANT4 [22] can be found in reference [23]. Hits within the interactions are clustered within regions of space spanning some angle with respect to the reconstructed interaction vertex using a fuzzy K-means algorithm [24], and matched between the top and side views by comparing energy depositions along the z-axis using a Kuiper test [25]. The construction of clusters is constrained by the spatial and temporal resolution of the detector and subject to inefficiencies in the algorithm, which impacts the ability to contain the detected energy deposited by a single particle uniquely.…”

Measurement of the Kaon Production Normalization in the NuMI Target Using Uncontained Charged-Current Muon Neutrino Interactions in the NOvA Far Detector

“…In most applications the vertex is known and highly constrained. In the NOvA implementation [124], that is not the case which requires custom tools outlined below.…”

“…This matching involves comparing the energy profile of a prong in each view [43]. A Kuiper metric K = D + −D − , based on a modified Kolmogorov-Smirnov test [106,124], is used to find the best match for the prong, where D +/− is the sum of the largest absolute positive (negative) vertical distances between profiles. The view matching pairs together clusters from each view best matched by the Kuiper metric, and continues until all clusters are matched.…”