Observation of crystalline changes of titanium dioxide during lithium insertion by visible spectrum analysis

Nam, Inho; Park, Jong‐Seok; Park, Sumin; Bae, Sungjun; Yoo, Young Sook; Han, Jeong Woo; Yi, Jongheop

doi:10.1039/c7cp01613a

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Again, this finding was in accordance with the earlier observation of Li et al [8]. In earlier studies, the activation mechanisms of metal ions to mineral flotation were indirectly deduced by some measures, such as XPS, zeta potential and simulation calculation [2,3,5,6,9,[12][13][14][15]. To investigate the activation mechanism at the microscale, AFM was used to observe the morphology of the rutile surface before and after Pb 2+ ions treatment, due to its high spatial resolution.…”

Section: Contact Angle Measurementssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In recent years, titanium and its alloys have been extensively used in the aviation, aerospace, marine, chemical, pharmaceutical industries and other fields due to characteristics including its light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, magnetic resistance, etc., [1][2][3][4]. Due to the high consumption of titanium materials, the demand for the extraction and purification of raw materials is increasing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adsorption Mechanism of Pb2+ Activator for the Flotation of Rutile

et al. 2018

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In general, the flotation of minerals containing titanium needs to be activated by metal ions due to a lack of activating sites on their surface. However, the activating process is indirectly inferred due to the lack of direct experimental observation. In this study, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to observe the activation process. The results revealed that the hydroxyl compounds of Pb2+ ions were adsorbed on the rutile surface in the form of multiple molecular associates, rather than through single molecule adsorption. Styryl phosphoric acid (SPA) could largely be adsorbed on the activated rutile surface with a single and double layer rather than on the un-activated rutile surface. The results of contact angle measurements also revealed that the hydrophobicity of the activated rutile surface was significantly greater than that of the un-activated rutile surface after SPA was adsorbed. This study will be helpful to understanding the activating process from the microscale.

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Section: Contact Angle Measurementssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption Mechanism of Pb2+ Activator for the Flotation of Rutile

et al. 2018

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“…First-principles calculations were carried out based on the periodic density functional theory (DFT) using the generalized gradient approximation with the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof exchange–correlation functional. , We used the projector augmented wave method to describe ionic cores . DFT + U (Dudarev’s approach) was also used with U eff = 4.2 to include the onsite Coulomb interactions in the localized d orbital of Ti. , The wave functions were constructed by expansion to plane waves with an energy cutoff of 520 eV. A 3 × 5 × 2 k -point mesh was used (Monkhorst–Pack method) to sample the Brillouin zone.…”

Section: Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Effect of Cation Vacancies in TiO₂: Lithiation Behavior of n-Type and p-Type TiO₂

Lee

Nam

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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TiO 2 offers several advantages over graphite as an anode material for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) but suffers from low electrical conductivity and Li-diffusion issues. Control over defect chemistry has proven to be an effective strategy to overcome these issues. However, defect engineering has primarily been focused on oxygen vacancies (V O ). The role of another intrinsic TiO 2 vacancy [i.e., titanium vacancies (V Ti )] with regard to the Li + storage behavior of TiO 2 has largely evaded attention. Hence, a comparison of V O -and V Ti -defective TiO 2 can provide valuable insight into how these two types of defects affect Li + storage behavior. To eliminate other factors that may also affect the Li + storage behavior of TiO 2 , we carefully devised synthesis protocols to prepare TiO 2 with either V O (n-TiO 2 ) or V Ti (p-TiO 2 ). Both TiO 2 materials were verified to have a very similar morphology, surface area, and crystal structure. Although V O provided additional sites that improved the capacity at low C-rates, the benefit obtained from over-lithiation turned out to be detrimental to cycling stability. Unlike V O , V Ti could not serve as an additional lithium reservoir but could significantly improve the rate performance of TiO 2 . More importantly, the presence of V Ti prevented over-lithiation, significantly improving the cycling stability of TiO 2 . We believe that these new insights could help guide the development of highperformance TiO 2 for LIB applications.

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“…Rutile is the best raw material for high-end titanium pigment production and a high grade titanium to extract, which has important implications for the defense industry and high-end coating market [1,2]. The majority of rutile ores belong to refractory ores, and its concentration is very difficult due to their fine grain sizes associated with the gangues, the complexity of the mineralogy, and the brittleness to easily over-ground [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Activation Mechanism of Bi3+ Ions to Rutile Flotation in a Strong Acidic Environment

et al. 2017

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Lead hydroxyl compounds are known as rutile flotation of the traditional activated component, but the optimum pH range for flotation is 2-3 using styryl phosphoric acid (SPA) as collector, without lead hydroxyl compounds in slurry solution. In this study, Bi 3+ ions as a novel activator was investigated. The results revealed that the presence of Bi 3+ ions increased the surface potential, due to the specific adsorption of hydroxyl compounds, which greatly increases the adsorption capacity of SPA on the rutile surface. Bi 3+ ions increased the activation sites through the form of hydroxyl species adsorbing on the rutile surface and occupying the steric position of the original Ca 2+ ions. The proton substitution reaction occurred between the hydroxyl species of Bi 3+ ions (Bi(OH) n +(3−n)) and the hydroxylated rutile surface, producing the compounds of Ti-O-Bi 2+. The micro-flotation tests results suggested that Bi 3+ ions could improve the flotation recovery of rutile from 61% to 90%, and from 61% to 64% for Pb 2+ ions.

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Observation of crystalline changes of titanium dioxide during lithium insertion by visible spectrum analysis

Abstract: A novel analysing method based on structural colour was developed to show the changes in the crystalline and nanostructure of anode materials, such as a TiO2, during the Li insertion reaction.

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Adsorption Mechanism of Pb2+ Activator for the Flotation of Rutile

Adsorption Mechanism of Pb2+ Activator for the Flotation of Rutile

Exploring the Effect of Cation Vacancies in TiO₂: Lithiation Behavior of n-Type and p-Type TiO₂

The Activation Mechanism of Bi3+ Ions to Rutile Flotation in a Strong Acidic Environment

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Observation of crystalline changes of titanium dioxide during lithium insertion by visible spectrum analysis

Abstract: A novel analysing method based on structural colour was developed to show the changes in the crystalline and nanostructure of anode materials, such as a TiO2, during the Li insertion reaction.

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Adsorption Mechanism of Pb2+ Activator for the Flotation of Rutile

Adsorption Mechanism of Pb2+ Activator for the Flotation of Rutile

Exploring the Effect of Cation Vacancies in TiO2: Lithiation Behavior of n-Type and p-Type TiO2

The Activation Mechanism of Bi3+ Ions to Rutile Flotation in a Strong Acidic Environment

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Exploring the Effect of Cation Vacancies in TiO₂: Lithiation Behavior of n-Type and p-Type TiO₂