Observation of Clinical Efficacy of Anisodamine and Chlorpromazine in the Treatment of Intractable Hiccup after Stroke

Abstract

Objective. This study is aimed at investigating the clinical efficacy of anisodamine combined with chlorpromazine on intractable hiccups after stroke. Methods. 150 patients admitted to Affiliated Hospital of the Hebei University of Engineering from 2017 to 2021 were selected as the research objects, all of which received the computed tomography (CT) examination. During CT examination, intelligent algorithms were used to segment the images. An unsupervised multilayer image threshold segmentation algorithm was proposed by using Kullback-Leibler (K-L) divergence and the modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm. All patients were divided into three groups, with each group of 50 patients. Patients in the control group (group A) took the calcium tablets, vitamin C tablets, and vitamin B1 tablets orally. Patients in the control group (group B) received the acupoint injection of anisodamine, and those in the observation group (group C) received the acupoint injection of anisodamine combined with chlorpromazine. The therapeutic effect and patient satisfaction of the three groups were compared. Results. The two-dimensional (2D) K-L divergence was applied for the multilayer segmentation of images, which was helpful to obtain accurate images. The MPSO algorithm was adopted to reduce the computational complexity. The total efficiency of group C was 98%, that of group B was 56%, and that of group A was 22%. The total efficiency and satisfaction rate of group C were signally better than those of group A and group B ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The combination of 2D K-L divergence and MPSO algorithm could improve the accuracy of multilayer image segmentation and CT imaging. Acupoint injection of anisodamine combined with chlorpromazine had better efficacy than the injection of anisodamine alone for the treatment of intractable hiccups after stroke, with high safety and clinical promotion value.

Fatal posterior circulation stroke with persistent hiccups, sinus arrest and post-hiccup syncope: A case report

“…Some scholars believe that the reflex arc of the hiccup is as follows: The afferent pathway of hiccups includes the sensory fibers of the vagal nerve, the phrenic nerve, and sympathetic nerves from Th6 to Th12; [12,13] ; The hiccup centers mainly include the medulla oblongata, the periaqueductal gray, subthalamic nuclei, phrenic nerve nuclei, reticular formation, and C3 to 5 cervical cord; [12][13][14] the hypothalamus and temporal lobe may have a greater influence on the arc; and; The efferent pathway of hiccups includes the phrenic nerves to the diaphragm, the external intercostal nerves (Th1-Th11) to the intercostal muscles, the cervical spinal nerves to the anterior scalene muscles, and the recurrent laryngeal portion of the vagal nerve to the glottis, which causes glottal closure. [12,14] Many diseases, such as stroke, [15,16] cancer, [17] surgery, [18,19] and COVID-19, [20] can cause hiccup, which can be divided into the following 4 categories according to the etiologies: central, peripheral, global and medication-derived causes. [21] The incidence rate of hiccups in ordinary inpatients is 0.054%, [22] in cancer patients is 3.9% to 4.5%, [23] and in stroke patients is approximately 0.3% (16 per 5309).…”

“…Many diseases, such as stroke, [15,16] cancer, [17] surgery, [18,19] and COVID-19, [20] can cause hiccup, which can be divided into the following 4 categories according to the etiologies: central, peripheral, global and medication-derived causes. [21] The incidence rate of hiccups in ordinary inpatients is 0.054%, [22] in cancer patients is 3.9% to 4.5%, [23] and in stroke patients is approximately 0.3% (16 per 5309).…”

A Review on the Chemical Properties, Plant Sources, Anti‐shock Effects, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicity, and Clinical Applications of Anisodamine

“…[82] In addition, Wang et al conducted a study demonstrating that the administration of anisodamine via acupoint injection can treat intractable hiccups following a stroke, and iacupoint injection of anisodamine combined with chlorpromazine produces superior outcomes for patients with intractable hiccups after stroke, while also exhibiting a high level of safety and potential for clinical application. [83] Numerous studies have demonstrated that the co-administration of anisodamine with conventional drug therapy yields enhanced therapeutic outcomes. For instance, the concurrent use of anisodamine and azithromycin has been shown to effectively alleviate childhood mycoplasma pneumonia disease.…”

“…In addition, Wang et al. conducted a study demonstrating that the administration of anisodamine via acupoint injection can treat intractable hiccups following a stroke, and iacupoint injection of anisodamine combined with chlorpromazine produces superior outcomes for patients with intractable hiccups after stroke, while also exhibiting a high level of safety and potential for clinical application [83] …”

Retracted: Observation of Clinical Efficacy of Anisodamine and Chlorpromazine in the Treatment of Intractable Hiccup after Stroke

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [ 1 ]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: Discrepancies in scope Discrepancies in the description of the research reported Discrepancies between the availability of data and the research described Inappropriate citations Incoherent, meaningless and/or irrelevant content included in the article Manipulated or compromised peer review …”