Observation of broadband terahertz wave generation from liquid water

Jin, Qi; Yiwen, E; Williams, Kaia; Dai, Jianming; Zhang, X.-C.

doi:10.1063/1.4990824

Cited by 129 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Losses [133] Small-Scale Mobility [134] NLoS Propagation [135] Spreading Loss [131] experimentally demonstrated the generation of broadband THz waves from liquid water excited by femtosecond laser pulses. Their measurements showcased the significant dependence of the THz field on the relative position between the water film and the focal point of the laser beam.…”

Section: Terahertz Propagation Phenomenonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Band: The Last Piece of RF Spectrum Puzzle for Communication Systems

Elayan

Amin

Shihada

et al. 2020

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

385

219

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Ultra-high bandwidth, negligible latency and seamless communication for devices and applications are envisioned as major milestones that will revolutionize the way by which societies create, distribute and consume information. The remarkable expansion of wireless data traffic that we are witnessing recently has advocated the investigation of suitable regimes in the radio spectrum to satisfy users' escalating requirements and allow the development and exploitation of both massive capacity and massive connectivity of heterogeneous infrastructures. To this end, the Terahertz (THz) frequency band (0.1-10 THz) has received noticeable attention in the research community as an ideal choice for scenarios involving high-speed transmission. Particularly, with the evolution of technologies and devices, advancements in THz communication is bridging the gap between the millimeter wave (mmW) and optical frequency ranges. Moreover, the IEEE 802.15 suite of standards has been issued to shape regulatory frameworks that will enable innovation and provide a complete solution that crosses between wired and wireless boundaries at 100 Gbps. Nonetheless, despite the expediting progress witnessed in THz wireless research, the THz band is still considered one of the least probed frequency bands. As such, in this work, we present an up-to-date review paper to analyze the fundamental elements and mechanisms associated with the THz system architecture. THz generation methods are first addressed by highlighting the recent progress in the electronics, photonics as well as plasmonics technology. To complement the devices, we introduce the recent channel models available for indoor, outdoor as well as nanoscale propagation at THz band frequencies. A comprehensive comparison is then presented between the THz wireless communication and its other contenders by treating in depth the limitations associated with each communication technology. In addition, several applications of THz wireless communication are discussed taking into account the various length scales at which such applications occur. Further, as standardization is a fundamental aspect in regulating wireless communication systems, we highlight the milestones achieved regarding THz standardization activities. Finally, a future outlook is provided by presenting and envisaging several potential use cases and attempts to guide the deployment of the THz frequency band and mitigate the challenges related to high frequency transmission. ). Fig. 1. Wireless Roadmap Outlook up to the year 2035.

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Section: Terahertz Propagation Phenomenonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Band: The Last Piece of RF Spectrum Puzzle for Communication Systems

Elayan

Amin

Shihada

et al. 2020

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

385

219

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Until recently, the study of water in the THz range has been considered impossible due to its large absorption. The broadband THz wave generation from water film [23,24] was experimentally demonstrated and opened a new field of interest. In this article, we present the direct measurement of water nonlinear refractive index coefficient for broadband pulsed THz radiation with the conventional Z-scan method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Kerr nonlinearity of water in THz spectral range

Tcypkin¹,

Melnik²,

Zhukova³

et al. 2019

Opt. Express

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The values of the nonlinear refractive index coefficient for various materials in the terahertz frequency range exceed the ones in both visible and NIR ranges by several orders of magnitude. We report the direct measurement of the nonlinear refractive index coefficient of liquid water by using the Z-scan method with broadband pulsed THz beam. Our experimental result shows that nonlinear refractive index coefficient in water is positive and can be as large as 3.5×10 −10 cm 2 /W in the THz frequency range, which exceeds the ones for the visible and NIR ranges by 6 orders of magnitude.

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“…Nonmetallic, nonpolar, and dry materials are transparent to THz waves while polar molecules absorb THz waves due to their intermolecular activities (Mathanker, Weckler, & Wang, ). Water is a strong THz wave absorber, and the presence of water is a nuisance when performing measurements in the THz region (Jin, Williams, Dai, & Zhang, ). Measurements made from THz images or spectroscopy can be performed in the two following forms: a) frequency‐domain measurements that use continuous‐wave (CW) THz sources and detectors or b) time‐domain measurements (THz‐time‐domain spectroscopy (TDS)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Food Applications of Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging

Afsah‐Hejri

Hajeb

Ara

et al. 2019

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

209

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Food product safety is a public health concern. Most of the food safety analytical and detection methods are expensive, labor intensive, and time consuming. A safe, rapid, reliable, and nondestructive detection method is needed to assure consumers that food products are safe to consume. Terahertz (THz) radiation, which has properties of both microwave and infrared, can penetrate and interact with many commonly used materials. Owing to the technological developments in sources and detectors, THz spectroscopic imaging has transitioned from a laboratory‐scale technique into a versatile imaging tool with many practical applications. In recent years, THz imaging has been shown to have great potential as an emerging nondestructive tool for food inspection. THz spectroscopy provides qualitative and quantitative information about food samples. The main applications of THz in food industries include detection of moisture, foreign bodies, inspection, and quality control. Other applications of THz technology in the food industry include detection of harmful compounds, antibiotics, and microorganisms. THz spectroscopy is a great tool for characterization of carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, and vitamins. Despite its potential applications, THz technology has some limitations, such as limited penetration, scattering effect, limited sensitivity, and low limit of detection. THz technology is still expensive, and there is no available THz database library for food compounds. The scanning speed needs to be improved in the future generations of THz systems. Although many technological aspects need to be improved, THz technology has already been established in the food industry as a powerful tool with great detection and quantification ability. This paper reviews various applications of THz spectroscopy and imaging in the food industry.

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Observation of broadband terahertz wave generation from liquid water

Cited by 129 publications

References 28 publications

Terahertz Band: The Last Piece of RF Spectrum Puzzle for Communication Systems

Terahertz Band: The Last Piece of RF Spectrum Puzzle for Communication Systems

High Kerr nonlinearity of water in THz spectral range

A Comprehensive Review on Food Applications of Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging

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