“…In their study, particle adsorption at etched calcite surfaces with surface steps and pits in the nanometer scale showed mineral surface heterogeneity over large areas (up to >200 000 μm 2 ) and the importance of surface roughness on colloid retention. 31 Moreover, several studies reported the individual sorption behavior of radionuclides, for example, Cm(III), 45,46 Eu-(III), 44,46 Am(III), 3,45,47 Th(IV), 44,47 Np(V), 47 Pu(IV), 47,48 U(VI) 44,47 and colloids as well as colloid retention in the presence of radionuclides at mineral surfaces. These studies focused on the impact of pH, 24 zeta potentials of colloids and interfaces, 49 system ionic strength, 50−52 and colloidal size.…”