Observation and Investigation of “Reverse Breakdown” in a Discharge Tube

Kalinin, Stanislav; Kapitonova, M. A.; Matveev, R. M.; Meshchanov, A. V.; Ionikh, Yu. Z.

doi:10.1134/s1063780x18110053

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Maximum electric field E near the semi-sphere surface determines the rate of ionization before IW front and therefore its velocity; if φ 0 is the electrode potential transmitting by the wave into the tube volume then: [24]. The charge of the semi-spherical head will be nC for φ 0 = 3.0 kV and r 0 = 1 cm which qualitatively matches the results of the paper [11].…”

Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 78%

Collision of ionization waves in long discharge tubes

Shishpanov

Иванов

Kalinin

2019

Plasma Res. Express

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This research focuses on interaction of ionization waves (IW) generated in long discharge tubes (1 m length and 1.5 cm in diameter) filled with neon or argon under pressure about 1 Torr and, in particular, on simplest case of such interference which is collision of the opposite directed IW of positive polarity. The waves were triggered from two electrodes of the tube by simultaneous application of the same high voltage pulse and propagated toward the tube center until their collision. Space and time stability of the collisions was achieved via decreasing time delay of the initial breakdowns which trigger IW by employment of both memory effect and photo-desorption of wall surface electrons. Significant memory effect occurred for the pulse repetition rate over 100Hz. Multiple IW transition from the electrode forms specific one-electrode discharge; as a result the problem of IW collision was transformed into the observation of two opposite one-electrode discharges interaction. Patterns of IW interfering were registered via deviation of their kinematic characteristics (x-t diagrams) from ones for non-collided wave. This method shows that two ionization waves travel toward each other with decreasing speeds and subsequent degradation of the emission. An area near the tube center where IWs emission was not detected was considered as the IW suppression zone. The zone width depends on voltage amplitude, gas type and pressure.

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Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 78%

Collision of ionization waves in long discharge tubes

Shishpanov

Иванов

Kalinin

2019

Plasma Res. Express

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“…The fact that the state of the low-voltage electrode does not affect the propagation of a fast IW is noted in the literature [15,19,28]. In [107], this was verified for a pre-breakdown IW. The measurements were carried out in a tube with a diameter of 15 mm and a length of 80 cm.…”

Section: Breakdown In a Tube With An Ungrounded Electrodementioning

confidence: 78%

“…This leads to a breakdown between the wall and the electrode, the same as the primary breakdown, but with the opposite sign. In [107], this breakdown was called reverse. Ionization waves initiated by this breakdown were also observed.…”

Section: Breakdown In a Tube With An Ungrounded Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ionization wave observed in [107] during a reverse breakdown differs from the return wave that often accompanies the breakdown of ordinary, grounded tubes [35,36,[55][56][57][58][59][60]. The return wave (return stroke) moves from the low-voltage electrode to the high-voltage one, i.e., in the direction opposite to the wave of the primary breakdown.…”

Section: Breakdown In a Tube With An Ungrounded Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 35 shows the brightness records of the spectral lines of radiation by an IW from the anode region during breakdown by a positive voltage pulse of the Ne-Ar (3:1) mixture at a pressure of 1 Torr [107]. The emission spectrum of a steady-state discharge contained mainly lines of atomic argon (E* ≈ 13 eV); the neon lines (18.5 eV) were hardly visible, and the ion lines with E* = 32 eV (Ar + ) and 56 eV (Ne + ) were not visible at all.…”

Section: Radiation Spectrum Of An Ionization Wavementioning

confidence: 99%

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Electric Breakdown in Long Discharge Tubes at Low Pressure (Review)

Ionikh

2020

Plasma Phys. Rep.

Self Cite

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The review is devoted to studies of the processes and mechanisms of ignition of a glow discharge in tubes whose length significantly exceeds their diameter (long discharge tubes) at low pressures (~10 Torr and lower) and moderate voltage rise rates (~1 kV/μs and lower). The electric field in such tubes before a breakdown is substantially nonuniform. Therefore, a breakdown occurs after an ionization wave (or waves) passes through the discharge gap at a speed of ~105–107 cm/s. This makes the characteristics of the breakdown in long tubes significantly different from the breakdown between large and closely spaced electrodes, where the electric field is uniform before the breakdown and where the Townsend or, under strong overvoltage, streamer mechanism is realized. On the other hand, the nature of these processes is very different from those occurring in nanosecond discharges, which arise at voltages with a steepness of ~1 kV/ns and higher and are associated with high-speed (~109 cm/s) ionization waves. The review is based on the materials of experimental and computational works published from 1938 to 2020. Breakdown processes, optical and electrical characteristics of the discharge gap during breakdown, and the influence of the external circuit parameters and external actions (shielding and illumination by external sources of visible radiation) are analyzed.

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On the slow ionization waves forming the breakdown in a long capillary tube with helium at low pressure

Akishev¹,

Алексеева²,

Karalnik³

et al. 2022

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The results of studies of an electrical breakdown leading to the glow discharge ignition in a long capillary quartz tube are presented. Under such conditions, the breakdown completion is preceded by the development of direct, backward, and counter slow ionization waves traveling in the tube. The initiation of the waves was created in helium at low pressure (P=10 Torr) by the high-voltage pulses of positive and negative polarity with amplitude of several kilovolts. In the beginning, the regime without the breakdown completion in the tube was studied. In this regime, the propagation of only direct positive and direct negative ionization waves happens. The research on dynamics of the direct, backward, and counter positive and negative waves followed by a complete breakdown was done as well. The influence of the pre-existing plasma on the ionization waves propagation was also studied. The plasma was created in advance by low-current glow discharge being formed in the tube. The instant images of ionization waves were correlated with the electrical currents formed by the waves, that is, with the displacement current through the dielectric wall and the conductive current through the plasma column. In the experiments, the fine-sectioned electrode wrapped around the lateral tube surface was used. The usage of such electrode allowed one to study the dynamics of the surface charge deposition and deletion happening during the direct and backward wave propagation, respectively. Finally, a strong difference in the spatial structure and velocity of positive and negative direct waves traveling through non-ionized gas was revealed. Contrary, both the positive and negative backward waves traveling through the plasma formed by previous direct waves have the parameters close to each other.

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Observation and Investigation of “Reverse Breakdown” in a Discharge Tube

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Collision of ionization waves in long discharge tubes

Collision of ionization waves in long discharge tubes

Electric Breakdown in Long Discharge Tubes at Low Pressure (Review)

On the slow ionization waves forming the breakdown in a long capillary tube with helium at low pressure

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