“…Continuous control cannot be implemented in computational systems, so time-triggered and event-triggered control strategies are mainly adopted in practical industry. For time-triggered control [12][13][14][15][16][17], it is mainly triggered by a fixed time interval T . By changing the size of the time interval T , the limit of the number of communications can be achieved, but too large a time interval will cause the system to be less effective or even unstable, so now wireless sensor devices are more suitable for event-triggered control strategies.…”
Precise timing plays a key role in the time‐sensitive industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). However, precise time synchronization requires more frequent packet exchange, which consumes more communication bandwidth and energy. This is a particular challenge in battery‐powered wireless nodes, and low communication costs have become an important factor in clock synchronization. To address the challenge of achieving low communication cost clock synchronization in distributed wireless sensor networks, this paper proposes an improved event‐triggered control and synchronization scheme with a novel asynchronous broadcast packet exchange protocol. Unlike the traditional event‐triggered control scheme which is based on synchronous polling packet exchange, this proposed asynchronous broadcast packet exchange is more communication efficient and requires fewer number of packet exchanges. And it is worth noting that the proposed algorithm in this paper is a distributed algorithm and does not require real‐time acquisition of information from neighbouring nodes. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed event‐triggered control strategy. The efficiency and precision of the proposed clock synchronization method is evaluated by intensive simulations, which show that the number of packet exchange is reduced by 60% for a moderate IIoT network and is particularly useful for large scale network.
“…Continuous control cannot be implemented in computational systems, so time-triggered and event-triggered control strategies are mainly adopted in practical industry. For time-triggered control [12][13][14][15][16][17], it is mainly triggered by a fixed time interval T . By changing the size of the time interval T , the limit of the number of communications can be achieved, but too large a time interval will cause the system to be less effective or even unstable, so now wireless sensor devices are more suitable for event-triggered control strategies.…”
Precise timing plays a key role in the time‐sensitive industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). However, precise time synchronization requires more frequent packet exchange, which consumes more communication bandwidth and energy. This is a particular challenge in battery‐powered wireless nodes, and low communication costs have become an important factor in clock synchronization. To address the challenge of achieving low communication cost clock synchronization in distributed wireless sensor networks, this paper proposes an improved event‐triggered control and synchronization scheme with a novel asynchronous broadcast packet exchange protocol. Unlike the traditional event‐triggered control scheme which is based on synchronous polling packet exchange, this proposed asynchronous broadcast packet exchange is more communication efficient and requires fewer number of packet exchanges. And it is worth noting that the proposed algorithm in this paper is a distributed algorithm and does not require real‐time acquisition of information from neighbouring nodes. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed event‐triggered control strategy. The efficiency and precision of the proposed clock synchronization method is evaluated by intensive simulations, which show that the number of packet exchange is reduced by 60% for a moderate IIoT network and is particularly useful for large scale network.
“…Coordinated control of MASs has been widely studied and applied in engineering, physics, sociology, ecology, applied mathematics, biology, computer, electronics, and so on [1][2][3]. Studies in the coordination control of MASs have plenty of basic significant problems including stability [4], consensus [5], observability and controllability [3,6,7], stabilizability [8], formation control [9], pinning control [10], networked topology [11] etc.…”
Most of the existing studies on controllability have only focused on networks with non‐negative weighted interactions/edges among agents. In fact, there are both positive and negative weighted interactions in a network, where positive/negative weight implies cooperative/antagonistic interaction. The controllability of leader‐based multi‐agent systems described by directed/undirected signed graphs is respectively considered for fixed topology and switching topology. A quantitative characterization of controllability is given based on the influence pattern of leaders and some algebraic and graphical features of controllability are established according to consensus protocols. Moreover, it is proved that all follower agents can be steered to the desired configuration under structurally balanced conditions. Specially, a simultaneously structurally balanced signed multiagent network can be controllable on switching topology even though each subnetwork is uncontrollable. Finally, several numerical examples and simulation results are given.
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