Observability conditions for target states with bearing-only measurements in three-dimensional case

The Optimization of the Observation Geometry Using the Passive Measurements

“…First, in the research field of the GPS localization and the satellite navigation [2], the observation geometry in the form of geometry dilution of precision (GDOP) influences the localization precision, and the optimized direction is to maximize the volume of the polyhedron formed by the observation geometry. Second, in the research field of the localization and tracking via the passive detection, the optimal tracking trajectory has been discussed in order to obtain a better observation condition [3][4][5], with the assumption that the target moves in the uniform rectilinear motion while the observing platforms are able to perform maneuvering. This paper infers the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Fisher information matrix and summarizes how the factors of the observation geometry, e.g.…”

Analytical evaluation of geometric dilution of precision for three-dimensional angle-of-arrival target localization in wireless sensor networks

“…The observability conditions for bearing-only (angles-only) target localization/tracking have been widely studied. 36–39 However, most of the existing works on the observability problem have primarily focused on the scenario where only one single observer (own-ship) is used for localization or to track the target. For multiple 3D AOA sensors case in WSNs, to the best of our knowledge, the observability conditions have been rarely studied.…”