Obscenity of cigarette and hookah smoking in Iranian adolescents: A longitudinal school-based study

Abstract

Background: There is a very limited information on the obscenity of cigarette and hookah smoking among adolescents. Using a large and representative longitudinal sample of adolescents ( n = 4820) aged 14–19 years from Tabriz (a metropolitan city in northwestern Iran), this study aimed at comparing the obscenity of cigarette and hookah smoking and assessing factors associated with obscenity of smoking. Moreover, we examined how the obscenity of cigarette and hookah smoking affected by the progress in the stages of cigarette and hookah smoking. Methods: In this longitudinal study, a random sample of high-school students was selected in Tabriz in 2010. Using a valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire, the data from the sampled students were collected twice at two points in time, 12 months apart. Multivariate backward logistic regression was used to determine the effect of the transition in cigarette (or hookah) smoking stages on the obscenity of cigarette (or hookah) smoking. Results: While 3,079 (63.9%) students expressed that obscenity of cigarette smoking is higher than obscenity of hookah smoking, 1,741 (36.1%) students expressed that obscenity of hookah smoking is higher than obscenity of cigarette smoking. The results of multivariate backward logistic regression indicated that the transition in cigarette (hookah) smoking stages was not related to the obscenity of cigarette (hookah) smoking. Conclusions: The results showed that obscenity of hookah smoking was less than obscenity of cigarette smoking, especially among females. Further study is required to understand the effect of obscenity on smoking and transition to different stages of cigarette and hookah smoking.

Impact of cigarettes smoking on undergraduates' lung health and functional performance: Observational cross-sectional study

“…This study targeted the university students because adolescence and early adulthood are important stages since it is usually the starting point for initiation of smoking consumption or nicotine addiction[ 34 ] Furthermore; youth are more susceptible to smoking-related consequences that can alter both lung functions as well as lung growth. [ 4 ] Unfortunately; adolescents and young adult smokers’ usually underestimate the obscenity[ 35 ] and the harm of the smoking on their health and consider the smoking to be less risky. [ 26 ]…”

Prevalence and Determinants of Non-daily Smoking Among Iranian University Students: A Web-based Survey

“…Such discrepancies between the results found in our study and those found in the previous studies may be due to cultural differences. Compared to women in developed countries, Iranian women have a lower level of freedom to smoke cigarette, and are faced with a higher level of smoking obscenity [37].…”

Development of a Cigarette Smoking Obscenity Scale (CSOS) in adolescents: an exploratory sequential mixed method design

“…Therefore, the predictive validity of the scale was confirmed, as well. Mohammadpoorasl et al, 17 introduced obscenity as an important factor affecting adolescents' inclination towards smoking, and concluded that low obscenity levels may lead to the adoption of a positive attitude towards smoking, and this ultimately increases smoking rates. This instrument is practical as it is developed based on adolescents' understanding of the concept of obscenity, and the examination of their viewpoints through qualitative research.…”

“…15 Mohammadkhani et al found that negative attitude towards smoking and the obscenity of the behavior from a social point of view may reduce the likelihood of smoking. 16 In addition, Mohammadpoorasl et al 17 stated that obscenity and social acceptance can significantly slow down progress towards advanced stages of smoking.…”