Oblique stimuli are seen best (not worst!) in naturalistic broad-band stimuli: a horizontal effect

Essock, Edward A.; DeFord, J. Kevin; Hansen, Bruce C.; Sinai, Michael J.

doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(03)00142-1

Cited by 86 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Broadband stimuli are more naturalistic, and, under such conditions, humans showed least sensitivity toward horizontal orientations (horizontal effect) (Essock et al, 2003). The normalization may then serve to increase salience of statistically less prevalent content (vertical orientations) under natural viewing conditions (Hansen and Essock, 2004).…”

Section: Lack Of Orientation Maps Despite Orientation Selectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dominant Vertical Orientation Processing without Clustered Maps: Early Visual Brain Dynamics Imaged with Voltage-Sensitive Dye in the Pigeon Visual Wulst

Ng¹,

Grabska-Barwińska²,

Güntürkün³

et al. 2010

J. Neurosci.

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The pigeon is a widely established behavioral model of visual cognition, but the processes along its most basic visual pathways remain mostly unexplored. Here, we report the neuronal population dynamics of the visual Wulst, an assumed homolog of the mammalian striate cortex, captured for the first time with voltage-sensitive dye imaging. Responses to drifting gratings were characterized by focal emergence of activity that spread extensively across the entire Wulst, followed by rapid adaptation that was most effective in the surround. Using additional electrophysiological recordings, we found cells that prefer a variety of orientations. However, analysis of the imaged spatiotemporal activation patterns revealed no clustered orientation map-like arrangements as typically found in the primary visual cortices of many mammalian species. Instead, the vertical orientation was overrepresented, both in terms of the imaged population signal, as well as the number of neurons preferring the vertical orientation. Such enhanced selectivity for the vertical orientation may result from horizontal motion vectors that trigger adaptation to the extensive flow field input during natural behavior. Our findings suggest that, although the avian visual Wulst is homologous to the primary visual cortex in terms of its gross anatomical connectivity and topology, its detailed operation and internal organization is still shaped according to specific input characteristics.

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Section: Lack Of Orientation Maps Despite Orientation Selectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dominant Vertical Orientation Processing without Clustered Maps: Early Visual Brain Dynamics Imaged with Voltage-Sensitive Dye in the Pigeon Visual Wulst

Ng¹,

Grabska-Barwińska²,

Güntürkün³

et al. 2010

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is important to know that the authors who used tasks that measure higher-level vision to study the oblique effect and conclude that it is defined by gravitational coordinates only employ head tilt, so that gravitational and patterncentric coordinates could not be parsed apart (Attneave & Olson, 1967;Buchanan-Smith & Heeley, 1993;Ferrante, Gerbino & Rock, 1995;Comerford, Javid & Thorn, 2000). The results here replicate authors who have specifically looked at patterncentric coordinates and found that the oblique effect pattern changes (Prather, 1997;Luyat et al, 2005;Meng & Qian, 2005 (Essock, DeFord, Hansen & Sinai, 2003). The theory behind this change is that with more information in the stimulus, the process of gain control is activated.…”

Section: Experiments 2: Visual Reference Frame Defining the Class 2 Obsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…There was no interaction between head tilt and orientation: Table 13) were analyzed. The data show us that the top-down cognition did not have an effect on the results as they are still "in-between" gravitational and retinal coordinates and do not shift (Essock, DeFord, Hansen & Sinai, 2003;Hansen & Essock, 2004;Essock, Haun & Kim 2009;Kim, Haun & Essock, 2010). It occurs with stimuli that are broadband, both in terms of in spatial frequency and orientation content, which I used in the matching task.…”

Section: Mean Standard Deviationmentioning

confidence: 82%

Psychophysical analysis of three separate anisotropic patterns in vision : putting visual reference frames in conflict to study the class 1 and 2 oblique effects and the horizontal effect.

O’Keefe¹

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“…With regards to perceptual diVerences, greater sensitivity to vertical than to horizontal stimuli has been found with broad-band stimuli (Essock et al 2003;Hansen and Essock 2004). Essock et al suggest that this 'horizontal eVect' might act to minimize the perceptual saliency of the horizontal content that often predominates in natural scenes, thereby enhancing the relative salience of objects made up of a range of orientations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential human brain activation by vertical and horizontal global visual textures

et al. 2010

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Mid-level visual processes which integrate local orientation information for the detection of global structure can be investigated using global form stimuli of varying complexity. Several lines of evidence suggest that the identiWcation of concentric and parallel organisations relies on diVerent underlying neural substrates. The current study measured brain activation by concentric, horizontal parallel, and vertical parallel arrays of short line segments, compared to arrays of randomly oriented segments. Six subjects were scanned in a blocked design functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment. We compared percentage BOLD signal change during the concentric, horizontal and vertical blocks within early retinotopic areas, the fusiform face area and the lateral occipital complex. Unexpectedly, we found that vertical and horizontal parallel forms diVerentially activated visual cortical areas beyond V1, but in general, activations to concentric and parallel forms did not diVer. Vertical patterns produced the highest percentage signal change overall and only area V3A showed a signiWcant diVerence between concentric and parallel (horizontal) stimuli, with the former better activating this area. These data suggest that the diVerence in brain activation to vertical and horizontal forms arises at intermediate or global levels of visual representation since the diVerential activity was found in mid-level retinotopic areas V2 and V3 but not in V1. This may explain why earlier studies-using methods that emphasised responses to local orientation-did not discover this vertical-horizontal anisotropy.

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Oblique stimuli are seen best (not worst!) in naturalistic broad-band stimuli: a horizontal effect

Cited by 86 publications

References 28 publications

Dominant Vertical Orientation Processing without Clustered Maps: Early Visual Brain Dynamics Imaged with Voltage-Sensitive Dye in the Pigeon Visual Wulst

Dominant Vertical Orientation Processing without Clustered Maps: Early Visual Brain Dynamics Imaged with Voltage-Sensitive Dye in the Pigeon Visual Wulst

Psychophysical analysis of three separate anisotropic patterns in vision : putting visual reference frames in conflict to study the class 1 and 2 oblique effects and the horizontal effect.

Differential human brain activation by vertical and horizontal global visual textures

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