Objects of Cultural Heritage in the Historical Context

Abstract

National Historical and Architectural Museum "Kyiv Fortress" UKRAINE Psychologically, a person as a person always consciously or subconsciously feels himself in a certain system of spatial, temporal and social coordinates. Only this gives him the opportunity to determine for himself: who am I? Such a system of coordinates at each moment reflects what in this respect has developed in the human brain, in his memory during his life. However, memory is a limited and unreliable thing. In addition, it is subject to significant deformations as a result of various external influences. This is all the more true for the society to which a person considers himself, when it is no longer about individual, but about social memory, formed by transmitting information from ancestors in one way or another. The leading role in this is played by the so-called "intangible heritage".However, in the end, to a large extent, the relevant information is objectified in those things created by our predecessors that surround a person from birth and, being disobjected by him, fill his consciousness. Moreover, such evidence of the past has the advantages of clarity, objectivity and authenticity. Therefore, there has always been a desire to rely on just such material evidence, confirming the validity of the accepted socio-historical coordinates, being a kind of marks of the trajectory of the movement of man and society in the spatio-temporal and social continuums. It is they, these objects of cultural heritage -monuments of history and culture -that enable a person today in an ideal form to reliably reproduce the past for himself, thus ensuring continuity between it and the present, and, consequently, the corresponding influence of the past on the present and future.But not only the past influences the present. There is also a constant feedback between them. Depending on the current situation, we perceive the past in significantly different ways -primarily because of its desired effect for us on the present, and even more so on the future. Therefore, for us, the past is not at all what it was, but what we would like it to be. And these desires of ours are determined by our present existence. Its connection with the past is a projection by a person of today's image of the world and himself onto something that is long gone.However, no matter how interested individual individuals and social groups may be in this "distortion" of the past, society as a whole still needs its adequate reproduction. It is not easy to achieve this, because the mentioned interest is so powerful that even historical science, source studies, archeology, strict procedures of historical expertise cannot always cope with this method of including people in their past. Consequently, the interpretation of historical and cultural monuments also has a significant subjective component, which significantly prevents them from adequately fulfilling their social function. Nevertheless, the situation in this respect should not be considered hopeless.