Objectivity and Subjectivity in Games: Understanding Engagement and Addiction Mechanism

Khalid, Mohd Nor Akmal; Iida, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3075954

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…According to motion in mind model by [68], motivation is related to the potential energy (E p ), which takes into account the importance of the play's development and the player's expectations. The velocity (v) and momentum (⃗ p), which stand for the rate of an individual's development and activity, respectively, were linked to control and focus.…”

Section: ) Motion In Mind Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objectivity and Subjectivity in Variation of Multiple Choice Questions: Linking the Theoretical Concepts Using Motion in Mind

2023

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Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) have been considerably used for assessing the individual's performance in various contexts. The optimal number of options in MCQs is a debatable issue, followed by contradictions and discussions, and is needed for a firm conclusion from empirical and hypothetical findings. This study aims to link theoretical concepts, including challenge-based gamification, zone of proximal development, and prospect theory, and generate insight into educational assessment using motionin-mind measures. Classical test theory was used to determine reliability and validity. Variations of MCQs experimented: the number of options, settings, and scoring methods. The experimental data was gathered from human and AI simulations and measured using motion-in-mind. It was found that increasing the number of options in the MCQ makes the test more challenging, explaining an increase of mass in mind m. The findings also revealed that time pressure provides competitiveness while scaffolding provides support. In addition, the hybrid system demonstrates the balance of education and entertainment. Finally, the results addressed the general discussion and analogical interpretation in the education context based on physicsin-mind values. These findings can be promising for analyzing the balance between competitiveness and entertainment while enabling the learning process in the practical assessment. INDEX TERMSEducational assessment, Motion-in-mind, Multiple-choice questions, Challenge-based gamification, Number of options, Zone of proximal development, Prospect theory I. INTRODUCTION

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Section: ) Motion In Mind Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objectivity and Subjectivity in Variation of Multiple Choice Questions: Linking the Theoretical Concepts Using Motion in Mind

2023

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“…From a theoretical point of view, the findings in this study are of great significance. Previous research was prone to view flow experience as a subjective psychological feeling ( Quinn, 2005 ; Marty-Dugas and Smilek, 2019 ), linked with cognitive and emotional states ( Khalid and Iida, 2021 ). In light of the novelty of the UGC and the boredom of daily life, this study analyzed the flow experience of the adolescents in a more objective way under the stimulation of new and old things and provided a new understanding and thinking of flow theory for the academic community.…”

Section: Research Conclusion and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Addiction to Short Video Applications in the Mobile Internet Era

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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The adolescent addiction to short video applications is becoming increasingly prominent, which has brought great challenges to the physical and mental health and daily life of the adolescents. This manuscript conducts an empirical study on the contributing factors of the adolescent addiction to short video applications based on the user generated content (UGC). In our study, 96 participants aged 15–25 were surveyed by questionnaire, and then cross-analysis of individual factors and SEM analysis of UGC content factors were carried out. Through the analysis of individual factors of the adolescent addiction from the perspective of gender, age, and family environment, this study reveals that male users are more addicted to the use of applications (APP), and such addiction varies with age, and prolonged family members’ use of short video APP can also exacerbate the adolescent addiction degree. Furthermore, through verification of the theoretical model, it indicates that UGC perception and the degree of boredom in daily life have a significant positive effect on the level of addiction to short video applications, and the degree of boredom in daily life plays a significant mediating role between them. Based on the research on the influences of UGC on the adolescent immersive experience, this study proposes a mechanism of the adolescent addiction to the use of short video applications in the mobile Internet age to provide a better service guarantee for the adolescents.

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“…In contrast, the challenge or difficulty of reaching such a success rate would constitute the weight or "mass" of a game that can be generally defined as the difficulty rate (m = 1 − v). In the context of games, given one part of m and one part of v, the fundamental assumptions of zero-sum game-playing condition where gain or loss utility of one player is exactly balanced by the losses or gains of the utility of its opponent [27,28].…”

Section: Motion In Mind Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dynamics of Minority versus Majority Behaviors: A Case Study of the Mafia Game

Xiaohan

Khalid

et al. 2022

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The game ’Mafia’ is a logic puzzle that has been a top-rated party game played worldwide. Many studies have been dedicated to determining the best character combination to keep players engaged while analyzing the overall death toll. Although it has only two-sided plays, there are multiple combinations of characters in which each character’s rules are different. This paper explores the game’s sophistication using the game refinement theory and motion in mind model while measuring the entertainment of each character’s actions. It then focuses on the dynamics of minority versus majority behaviors during the game process. Computer simulations were conducted to collect the data of each character and assess the entertainment impacts. Moreover, the energy value of each character was computed based on the motion in mind model. The results show that when the number of `Mafia’ and the number of `Sheriffs’ are equal, the sophistication of each character is maximized. In addition, the data indicates the player engagement in the following order: Mafia>Sheriff>Citizen. Thus, it can be concluded that the actions of the Mafia character are the most complicated and significantly impact the game. It is expected that the results in this study enable game designers to improve each character’s perspective and examine possible enhancements from the viewpoint of entertainment.

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Objectivity and Subjectivity in Games: Understanding Engagement and Addiction Mechanism

Cited by 16 publications

References 72 publications

Objectivity and Subjectivity in Variation of Multiple Choice Questions: Linking the Theoretical Concepts Using Motion in Mind

Objectivity and Subjectivity in Variation of Multiple Choice Questions: Linking the Theoretical Concepts Using Motion in Mind

Adolescent Addiction to Short Video Applications in the Mobile Internet Era

The Dynamics of Minority versus Majority Behaviors: A Case Study of the Mafia Game

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