Objectives, Outlines, and Preparation for the Resist Tubule Space Experiment to Understand the Mechanism of Gravity Resistance in Plants

Hoson, Takayuki; Akamatsu, Haruhiko; Soga, Kouichi; Wakabayashi, Kazuyuki; Hashimoto, Hirofumi; Yamashita, Masamichi; Hasegawa, Katsuya; Yano, Sachiko; Omori, Keisuke; Ishioka, Noriaki; Matsumoto, Shohei; Kasahara, Haruo; Shimazu, Toru; Baba, Shoji A.; Hashimoto, Takashi

doi:10.2322/tastj.10.tp_1

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…The interior depth of the Chamber was reduced by tightening the screw, and Chamber was placed on the Clean Bench (CB) microscope (https://iss. jaxa.jp/en/kiboexp/pm/cb) equipped with a highsensitivity camera and filter sets to detect eGFP (Hoson et al, 2012). Microscopic operations were controlled from the ground using commands.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Onboard Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of bolting in the Arabidopsis <i>hmg1</i> mutant under microgravity conditions in space – Possible involvement of lipid rafts

Hoson,

Soga,

Wakabayashi

et al. 2024

Biol. Sci. Space

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3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the mevalonate pathway for biosynthesis of isoprenoids, such as sterols. An Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutant for HMGR1 (hmg1) produced roots, hypocotyls, rosette leaves, and inflorescences after germination at onorbit 1 g in the Resist Tubule space experiment. The processes up to rosette leaf growth were normal in the hmg1 mutant under microgravity conditions; however, bolting of the inflorescence stem was strongly suppressed. The expression of a series of genes involved in sterol biosynthesis, including sterol glycosyltransferases implicated in producing lipid raft component steryl glycosides, and some of the raft-associated genes in the apical region of inflorescences in the α-tubulin 4 mutant (tua4) was suppressed under microgravity conditions. In addition, the fluorescence due to the raft marker remorin (REM1.3) was uniformly distributed along the rim of the cells of Arabidopsis hypocotyls in microgravity, as in the on-orbit control, showing the presence of lipid rafts in the plasma membrane under microgravity conditions. These results suggest that a severe reduction in sterol levels due to the hmg1 mutation, in combination with downregulation of the expression of sterol biosynthesis genes, causes the suppression of bolting in Arabidopsis under microgravity conditions in space and that lipid rafts may be involved in the bolting.

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Section: Plant Materials and Onboard Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of bolting in the Arabidopsis <i>hmg1</i> mutant under microgravity conditions in space – Possible involvement of lipid rafts

Hoson,

Soga,

Wakabayashi

et al. 2024

Biol. Sci. Space

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“…We therefore designed a special chamber, a Cultivation/Observation Chamber (Fig. 4a), for the Resist Tubule and the Aniso Tubule experiment using green fluorescent proteinexpressing Arabidopsis lines [16,21], that can be used during both space and groundbased experiments.…”

Section: Microscopic Analysis Of Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Mechanisms of Gravity Resistance in Plants

Soga

Yano

Kamada

et al. 2021

Methods in Molecular Biology

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To understand gravity resistance in plants, it is necessary to analyze the changes induced when the magnitude of gravity in a growth environment is modified.Microgravity in space provides appropriate conditions for analyzing gravity resistance mechanisms. Experiments carried out in space involve a large number of constraints and are quite different from ground-based experiments. Here, we describe basic procedures for space-based experiments to study gravity resistance in plants. An appropriate cultivation chamber must be selected according to the growing period of the plants and the purpose of the experiment. After cultivation, the plant material is fixed with suitable fixatives in appropriate sample storage containers such as the Chemical Fixation Bag. The material is then analyzed with a variety of methods, depending on the purpose of the experiment. Plant material fixed with the RNAlater ® solution can be used sequentially to determine the mechanical properties of the cell wall, RNA extraction (which is necessary for gene-expression analysis), estimate the enzyme activity of cell wall proteins, and measure the levels and compositions of cell wall polysaccharides. The plant material can also be used directly for microscopic observation of cellular components such as cortical microtubules.

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Role of the plant cell wall in gravity resistance

Hoson

Wakabayashi

2015

Phytochemistry

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Gravity resistance, mechanical resistance to the gravitational force, is a principal graviresponse in plants, comparable to gravitropism. The cell wall is responsible for the final step of gravity resistance. The gravity signal increases the rigidity of the cell wall via the accumulation of its constituents, polymerization of certain matrix polysaccharides due to the suppression of breakdown, stimulation of cross-link formation, and modifications to the wall environment, in a wide range of situations from microgravity in space to hypergravity. Plants thus develop a tough body to resist the gravitational force via an increase in cell wall rigidity and the modification of growth anisotropy. The development of gravity resistance mechanisms has played an important role in the acquisition of responses to various mechanical stresses and the evolution of land plants.

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Objectives, Outlines, and Preparation for the Resist Tubule Space Experiment to Understand the Mechanism of Gravity Resistance in Plants

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Suppression of bolting in the Arabidopsis <i>hmg1</i> mutant under microgravity conditions in space – Possible involvement of lipid rafts

Suppression of bolting in the Arabidopsis <i>hmg1</i> mutant under microgravity conditions in space – Possible involvement of lipid rafts

Understanding the Mechanisms of Gravity Resistance in Plants

Role of the plant cell wall in gravity resistance

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