Objective Measurement of Sedation II: A Simple Scoring System

Nisbet, H. I. A.; Norris, Walter

doi:10.1093/bja/35.10.618

Cited by 41 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Similar clinical assessment tests have been used extensively in clinical practice for many years [25] and the psychometric tests chosen have been shown previously to be sensitive to the sedative effects of diazepam [26-281. In this carefully controlled study, flumazenil reduced the sedative effects of diazepam as has been shown in procedures such as gastrointestinal endoscopy [ 131. The use of benzodiazepines to facilitate the procedure has assumed a highly valued role because of the sedation, relaxation and anterograde amnesia they provide but equally their use is not without risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A placebo controlled study of flumazenil in bronchoscopic procedures

Williamson

Nolan

Tribe

et al. 1997

Brit J Clinical Pharma

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Methods A double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial of the efficacy of flumazenil was conducted in 22 consecutive patients admitted for bronchoscopy.Sedation was induced by inhvidually titrated amounts of intravenous diazepam (meanf s.d., 15.75 k4.4 mg). Post bronchoscopy, patients received up to 1 mg of the benzohazepine antagonist flumazenil (Anexate@) or placebo intravenously. Clinical scores for the degree of sedation, orientation in time and space, co-operation and anterograde amnesia were used. These, together with three psychometric tests were performed twice prior to bronchoscopy and on eight occasions in the following 24 h. The psychometric tests were: Tapping Test (TT), Simple Reaction Time (SRT) and Critical Flicker Fusion (CFF) and these were carried out using the automated Multipsy test system. Restilts The level of co-operation, orientation in time and space and anterograde amnesia were similar in both groups pre-and-post procedure. However compared with the pre-bronchoscopy assessment, the maximum degree of apparent sedation was significantly less in the flumazenil group in the first 4 h. In support of this, the patients in the flumazenil group also showed a significantly greater proficency with the TT and CFF test post bronchoscopy ( P < 0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of side effects and flumazenil was well tolerated.Conclusions In this highly controlled setting, the use of flumazenil (Anexate@) was shown to be safe and effective in aiding recovery from benzodiazepine facilitated bronchoscopy and as such provides an additional level of safety for this procedure.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A placebo controlled study of flumazenil in bronchoscopic procedures

Williamson

Nolan

Tribe

et al. 1997

Brit J Clinical Pharma

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There was also a statistical difference between patients who had anaesthesia maintained with enflurane and halothane compared to those with methoxyflurane for delay of verbal response in the recovery room (28, 31 and 44 minutes respectively) and total stay in the recovery room (40,43 and 59 minutes). There was no relation between anaesthetic agent used and the incidence of postoperative complications.…”

Section: Miscellaneousmentioning

confidence: 96%

Pre-anaesthetic medication in paediatric day-care surgery

Desjardins

Ansara

Charest

1981

Canad. Anaesth. Soc. J.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pre-anaesthetic medication has the primary aim of making the whole process of anaesthesia smooth and agreeable. This prospective blind study was planned to compare the efficacy of three active drugs and a placebo as premedication in a paediatric population undergoing operation on a day care basis.One hundred and fifty-nine patients between one and 12 years of age were assigned randomly to one of four groups who received either hydroxyzine 0.5 mg. kg-~(n -43) promethazine 0.5 rag. kg -t (n 40) diazepam 0.1 mg. kg (n -37) or placebo (n -36) by mouth, 60 minutes before operation. Observations in the operating room included the emotional state of the patient on arrival, qualit;, of induction and complications. In the recovery room time for emergence from anaesthesia, complications and requirements for analgesia were recorded. The parents were asked to return a questionnaire detailing psychological and physical complications during the three postoperative days.There was no difference between the groups in any of the factors examined. From this study we conclude that children undergoing surgical operations and anaesthesia on a day care basis should not receive pharmacological premedication, not because of overwhelming risk from its use, but because of the absence of any benefit.

show abstract

“…The results of standard descriptive statistical analysis of the data are shown in Table 3. [] (1) [I (2) [ 1 (3) [ 1 (3) [ 1 (2) [] (1) [1I(0) [1(3) [1 (2) [1 (1) [ I(0) Linear analogue anxiety score (cm) Figure 3. Linear analogue anxiety scale -distribution ofscores in 84 patients All the patients in this study were undergoing termination ofpregnancy as day cases.…”

Section: H (-)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A zero value means the data is perfectly symmetrical, a negative value indicates the data is skewed to the left and a positive value that it is skewed to the right. Kurtosis [1 (1) [1 (0) [1 (3) [1 (2) [1 (1) [1 (0) ) [( (2) [1 ( (1) [I (2) [1 (3) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%