Objective investigation of the sleep–wake cycle in adults with intellectual disabilities and autistic spectrum disorders

Hare, Dougal Julian; Jones, Steven H.; Evershed, Kate

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00830.x

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, there has been little work performed on adolescents and adults, with most of the reported studies focusing on childhood. Sleep parameters measured with actigraphy in adolescents and young adults with autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome and an unspecified intellectual disorder (Oyane & Bjorvatn 2005; Hare et al. 2006) suggest individuals with Williams syndrome share similar sleep patterns with these disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep patterns and daytime sleepiness in adolescents and young adults with Williams syndrome

Goldman

Malow

Newman

et al. 2009

J intellect Disabil Res

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Background Sleep disorders are common in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders and may adversely affect daytime functioning. Children with Williams syndrome have been reported to have disturbed sleep; however, no studies have been performed to determine if these problems continue into adolescence and adulthood. Methods This study examined overnight sleep patterns and daytime sleepiness in 23 adolescents and adults with Williams syndrome age 25.5 (8.0) years [mean (SD)]. Interviewer-administered sleep questionnaires were used to evaluate nighttime sleep behaviours and daytime sleepiness. Wrist actigraphy was used to evaluate sleep patterns. Results Although individuals in our sample averaged 9 h in bed at night, daytime sleepiness and measures of sleep disruption were common and comparable to those of other populations with neurodevelopmental disorders. These measures included reduced sleep efficiency [74.4 (7.0)%] with prolonged sleep latency [37.7 (37.3) min], increased wake time after sleep onset [56.1 (17.6) min], and an elevated movement and fragmentation index [14.3 (4.6)]. Conclusion Adolescents and young adults with Williams syndrome were found to be sleepy despite averaging 9 h in bed at night. Implications are discussed for associated causes of sleep disruption and future polysomnographic evaluation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep patterns and daytime sleepiness in adolescents and young adults with Williams syndrome

Goldman

Malow

Newman

et al. 2009

J intellect Disabil Res

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“…This problem persists through childhood because 50-80% of children with ASD show highly significant increased sleep latency and nocturnal awakenings (Richdale and Prior 1995;Taira et al 1998;Takase et al 1998;Hering et al 1999;Elia et al 2000;Hayashi 2000;Schreck and Mulick 2000;Gail Williams et al 2004;Wiggs and Stores 2004;Limoges et al 2005;Oyane and Bjorvatn 2005;Polimeni et al 2005;Allik et al 2006;Hare et al 2006;Liu et al 2006;Malow et al 2006). An extensive survey of the sleep problems observed in ASD was recently reported by Liu et al (2006).…”

Section: Atypical Sleep and Circadian Rhythms In Autism Spectrum Disomentioning

confidence: 99%

The Possible Interplay of Synaptic and Clock Genes in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Bourgeron¹

2007

Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology

163

124

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by deficits in social communication, absence or delay in language, and stereotyped and repetitive behaviors. Results from genetic studies reveal one pathway associated with susceptibility to ASD, which includes the synaptic cell adhesion molecules NLGN3, NLGN4, and NRXN1 and a postsynaptic scaffolding protein SHANK3. This protein complex is crucial for the maintenance of functional synapses as well as the adequate balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition. Among the factors that could modulate this pathway are the genes controlling circadian rhythms. Indeed, sleep disorders and low melatonin levels are frequently observed in ASD. In this context, an alteration of both this synaptic pathway and the setting of the clock would greatly increase the risk of ASD. In this chapter, I report genetic and neurobiological findings that highlight the major role of synaptic and clock genes in the susceptibility to ASD. On the basis of these lines of evidence, I propose that future studies of ASD should investigate the circadian modulation of synaptic function as a focus for functional analyses and the development of new therapeutic strategies.

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“…SPs can be lifelong with a prevalence in childhood ranging up to 86% [Souders et al, ], whereas 44.7% of 168 autistic adults with severe intellectual disability (ID) were reported to have SPs using the DASH II questionnaire [Matson et al, ). However, Hare, Jones, and Evershed () reported that sleep measures in a small group of adults with autism and ID did not differ from adults with ID alone. Similarly, cognitively able autistic adults are reported to have increased insomnia symptoms, including increased sleep latency, poor sleep efficiency, shorter night sleep, and advanced or delayed circadian sleep–wake rhythms [Baker & Richdale, ; Baker & Richdale, ; Goldman et al, ; Hare et al, , ; Limoges, Mottron, Bolduc, Berthiaume, & Godbout, ; Tani et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Hare, Jones, and Evershed () reported that sleep measures in a small group of adults with autism and ID did not differ from adults with ID alone. Similarly, cognitively able autistic adults are reported to have increased insomnia symptoms, including increased sleep latency, poor sleep efficiency, shorter night sleep, and advanced or delayed circadian sleep–wake rhythms [Baker & Richdale, ; Baker & Richdale, ; Goldman et al, ; Hare et al, , ; Limoges, Mottron, Bolduc, Berthiaume, & Godbout, ; Tani et al, ). Causes for sleep abnormalities are likely to be multifactorial, such as neurotransmitter abnormalities (e.g., serotonin) [Anderson & Lombroso, ; Malow et al, ), medical problems (e.g., gastrointestinal disorders [Klukowski, Wasilewska, & Lebensztejn, ), epilepsy (Kaleyias et al, ]), psychopathology [Nadeau et al, ; Richdale, Baker, Short, & Gradisar, ] or behavioral etiologies (e.g., poor sleep habits [Malow et al, ; Reynolds & Malow, ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep problems in adults with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability

Ballester

Martı́nez

Javaloyes³

et al. 2018

Autism Research

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Sleep problems (SP) are recognized as a common comorbid condition in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and can influence core autism symptoms and mental and physical health. SPs can be lifelong and have been reported that adults on the autistic spectrum with and without intellectual disability (ID) present SPs (longer sleep latency, frequent night awakenings, and circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders). A prospective, objective sleep study was conducted in 41 adults with ASD (33 AE 6 years old) and ID and 51 typically developing adults (33 AE 5 years old) using ambulatory circadian monitoring (ACM) recording wrist temperature, motor activity, body position, sleep, and light intensity. The findings indicated that individuals with ASD presented sleep difficulties including low sleep efficiency, prolonged sleep latency and increased number and length of night awakenings, together with daily sedentary behavior, and increased nocturnal activity. Furthermore, indications of an advanced sleepwake phase disorder were found in these autistic adults. Examining sleep and markers of the circadian system showed significant differences between adults with ASD and ID and an age-matched, healthy adult population. The sleep disturbances described for this sample of adults with ASD and ID are similar to those of already described for adults with ASD without ID; their relationship with intellectual ability should be further studied. Improving knowledge of sleep patterns in ASD adults with ID might help to designed targeted interventions to improve their functioning and reduce family stress. Autism Research 2019, 12: 66-79.Lay Summary: SPs are very frequent in autism from childhood to adulthood. We recorded sleep with a watch-like device in adults with autism and ID and compared sleep patterns with nonautistic volunteers. Results showed poorer sleep conditions in adults with autism (increased sleep latency and number/length of night awakenings) that resulted in decreased sleep efficiency. Increasing knowledge of the SPs in adults on the autism spectrum will allow to improve their and their families' quality of life.

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Objective investigation of the sleep–wake cycle in adults with intellectual disabilities and autistic spectrum disorders

Abstract: The mean scores of the participants as a whole indicated abnormalities in the two key circadian rhythm parameters of interdaily stability and intradaily variability. The implications of these findings for both clinical practice and theory are discussed.

Cited by 37 publications

References 40 publications

Sleep patterns and daytime sleepiness in adolescents and young adults with Williams syndrome

Sleep patterns and daytime sleepiness in adolescents and young adults with Williams syndrome

The Possible Interplay of Synaptic and Clock Genes in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Sleep problems in adults with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability

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