Objective depth-of-focus is different from subjective depth-of-focus and correlated with accommodative microfluctuations

Yao, Peng-Fei; Lin, Huiling; Huang, Jia; Chu, Ren-yuan; Jiang, Baichuan

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2010.04.011

Cited by 32 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Yao et al. 's finding of maximal fluctuations at target distances intermediate between the far‐ and near‐points, like that of Toshida et al . ( Figure ), supported earlier work by Miege & Denieul, who found that the areas under the entire power spectrum and within the HFC band both reached a maximum for an intermediate stimulus vergence of about −3 D, even though their young subjects had a objective near‐point corresponding to stimulus vergence of about −7 D. Van der Heijde et al .…”

Section: Later Worksupporting

confidence: 72%

“…As found by most earlier authors over the stimulus range 0 to −5 D, Stark and Atchison determined that the RMS fluctuations tended to increase with the level of accommodation response up to about 3 D. Yao et al . found a similar increase with stimulus vergence over the range 0 – 4 D. However, when a wider range of stimuli (+5 to −12 D) was employed, embracing the full available range of accommodation for their young adult subjects, Toshida et al .…”

Section: Later Workmentioning

confidence: 70%

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Microfluctuations in accommodation: an update on their characteristics and possible role

Charman

Heron

2015

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

113

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Purpose: Following the recognition, some 80 years ago, that the accommodation of the eye is not stable but fluctuates over a range of about AE0.5 D, mainly at frequencies of up to a few Hz, there has been a continuing interest in the characteristics of these microfluctuations (MFs) and their possible role in the control of accommodation. This paper reviews relevant work carried out since 1988, when we previously reviewed the same topic (Charman WN, Heron G. Fluctuations in accommodation: a review. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 1988; 8: 153-164). Recent findings: Studies relating to the effects on the MFs of stimulus form, luminance and vergence are described, together with those of pupil diameter, age and ametropia. Important advances in the understanding of the links between the characteristics of the MFs and those of the cardiopulmonary system, higher-order aberrations and ocular depth-of-focus are outlined. Only limited progress has been made in understanding the role of MFs in accommodation control. Summary: While the dependence of the characteristics of the MFs in relation to observing conditions is now reasonably well understood, their involvement in accommodation control still needs clarification. The current consensus appears to be that any role is more likely to be concerned with maintaining an appropriate response, rather than in initiating responses to abrupt changes in stimulus vergence. Fluctuations at lower temporal frequencies (<0.6 Hz) are probably important to the control process, which may make use of the associated changes in the contrast and spatial frequency spectrum of the retinal image.

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Section: Later Worksupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Later Workmentioning

confidence: 70%

Microfluctuations in accommodation: an update on their characteristics and possible role

Charman

Heron

2015

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

113

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“…(c) The Badal stimulator method: a Badal stimulator 19 was mounted on the Canon R-1 optometer, behind the beam splitter and coaxial with the measurement optics of the optometer and the fixation target 20 (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accommodative Responses Under Different Stimulus Conditions

Lin

Jiang²

2013

Optometry and Vision Science

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“…It has been found that the magnitude of the fluctuations is correlated with the objective depth of focus (Yao et al. 2010), and that when the depth of focus is increased, such as by a decrease in pupil size, there is a concomitant increase in the magnitude of the fluctuations (Yao et al. 2010; Gray et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2010), and that when the depth of focus is increased, such as by a decrease in pupil size, there is a concomitant increase in the magnitude of the fluctuations (Yao et al. 2010; Gray et al. 1993a, b; Stark and Atchison 1997; Niwa and Tokoro 1998; Gambra et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Chaos Measures in Detecting Stress in the Focusing Control Mechanism of the Short-Sighted Eye

2017

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When fixating on a stationary object, the power of the eye’s lens fluctuates. Studies have suggested that changes in these so-called microfluctuations in accommodation may be a factor in the onset and progression of short-sightedness. Like many physiological signals, the fluctuations in the power of the lens exhibit chaotic behaviour. A breakdown or reduction in chaos in physiological systems indicates stress to the system or pathology. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the chaos in fluctuations of the power of the lens changes with refractive error, i.e. how short-sighted a subject is, and/or accommodative demand, i.e. the effective distance of the object that is being viewed. Six emmetropes (EMMs, non-short-sighted), six early-onset myopes (EOMs, onset of short-sightedness before the age of 15), and six late-onset myopes (LOMs, onset of short-sightedness after the age of 15) took part in the study. Accommodative microfluctuations were measured at 22 Hz using an SRW-5000 autorefractor at accommodative demands of 1 D (dioptres), 2 D, and 3 D. Chaos theory analysis was used to determine the embedding lag, embedding dimension, limit of predictability, and Lyapunov exponent. Topological transitivity was also tested for. For comparison, the power spectrum and standard deviation were calculated for each time record. The EMMs had a statistically significant higher Lyapunov exponent than the LOMs ( vs. ) and a lower embedding dimension than the LOMs ( vs. ). There was insufficient evidence (non-significant p value) of a difference between EOMs and EMMs or EOMs and LOMs. The majority of time records were topologically transitive. There was insufficient evidence of accommodative demand having an effect. Power spectrum analysis and assessment of the standard deviation of the fluctuations failed to discern differences based on refractive error. Chaos differences in accommodation microfluctuations indicate that the control system for LOMs is under stress in comparison to EMMs. Chaos theory analysis is a more sensitive marker of changes in accommodation microfluctuations than traditional analysis methods.

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Objective depth-of-focus is different from subjective depth-of-focus and correlated with accommodative microfluctuations

Cited by 32 publications

References 55 publications

Microfluctuations in accommodation: an update on their characteristics and possible role

Microfluctuations in accommodation: an update on their characteristics and possible role

Accommodative Responses Under Different Stimulus Conditions

Sensitivity of Chaos Measures in Detecting Stress in the Focusing Control Mechanism of the Short-Sighted Eye

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