Objective Assessment of Olfactory Function Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

Borromeo, Susana; Hernández-Tamames, Juan Antonio; Luna, Guillermo; Machado, Felipe; Malpica, Norberto; Toledano, A

doi:10.1109/tim.2010.2057531

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…No significant difference in brain function activation area induced by the two odors stimuli. 17 We used superthreshold concentration (0.8 %) of volatile gases with lavender and rose smells as alternating stimuli during fMRI scanning. The paradigm could minimize the impact of olfactory adaptation and desensitization because of stimulation with a single odor.…”

Section: Odorant and Olfactory Stimulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Change in Functional Brain Activation Patterns Induced by Olfactory Stimulation in Multiple Sclerosis</p>

Ouyang¹,

Wang

Zhang³

et al. 2020

NDT

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Background: Olfactory disorder is one of the commonly appearing symptoms in diseases like Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, reports of olfactory changes in multiple sclerosis (MS) are scarce and usually ignored or seldom recognized by clinicians. The majority of current research is based on subjective answers obtained by smelling odorants. Objective: To gain better insights into the central brain regions involved in the olfactory process. We measured preliminary contrast assessment characteristics of brain activation in MS patients and healthy controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) under an odor stimulation task. Methods: Olfactory event-related fMRI was used to assess the olfactory network neuronal activity during passively inhaled volatile gases of lavender and rose solutions alternately in 18 MS patients and 20 healthy sex-and age-matched adults. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted between the lesions in central and olfactory-induced activated brain regions. Results: We observed significant reductions in the number of activated brain areas compared with healthy controls in MS patients under a standard activation mode; the right insula, right amygdala, right inferior frontal gyrus, right frontal middle gyrus, and left supramarginal gyrus were activated in MS patients (t = 2.04, P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the intensity of the activated olfactory brain network revealed attenuation. The Spearman correlation analysis indicated the distribution and number of demyelination lesions, exerting a little impact on major activation of brain regions during olfactory stimulation (r =-0.524, P = 0.054). Conclusion: This study establishes that olfaction-related brain regions were altered in patients with MS confirmed by fMRI. The finding refreshes the awareness that olfactory disturbance involved just in structural pathology like olfactory bulbs and tracts or olfactory sulcus, which reportedly is responsible for the deficits.

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Section: Odorant and Olfactory Stimulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Change in Functional Brain Activation Patterns Induced by Olfactory Stimulation in Multiple Sclerosis</p>

Ouyang¹,

Wang

Zhang³

et al. 2020

NDT

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“…Among neurodegenerative diseases, one of the most pervasive challenges is in fact related to the ability to detect AD in its earliest stage [16], by using different strategies, including cognitive tests, neuroimaging [17], [18], genetic profiling and biomarkers. Peripheral AD biomarkers in particular have recently attracted attention for their minimally invasive approach [19], stimulating the discussion and investigation on different novel techniques.…”

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confidence: 99%

Wireless Point-of-Care Platform With Screen-Printed Sensors for Biomarkers Detection

Tonello

Abate

Borghetti

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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Abstract-Measurement systems for early and reliable detection of degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), are extremely important in clinical diagnosis. Among these, biochemical assays represent a commonly used method to distinguish patients from healthy population thanks to the sensitive recognition of specific biomarkers in biological fluids. In order to overcome actual limitations of these techniques in term of cost, standardization, and sensitivity, this study aimed to realize a low-cost highly sensitive portable point-of-care (PoC) testing system based on screen-printed electrochemical sensors. The development of the platform specifically included both the design of the sensing probe and the electronic circuit devoted to condition and acquires the transduced electric signal. The designed circuit was implemented in a printed circuit board and interfaced to a wireless system based on bluetooth data transmission in order to improve the portability of the proposed solution. Preliminary results were obtained by using controlled concentrations of electrolytic solutions and calibrating the sensors for antibodies and for a well-known protein (i.e., interleukin 8) quantified by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). Findings from ASV measurements showed a sensitivity of 38 µA/(ng/ml) with a tested range from 1.25 to 20 ng/ml, with a limit of detection of 2 ng/ml. Further investigation will include the validation of this PoC device by testing the concentration of a specific p53 protein isoform, which was recently identified to early correlate to AD development.

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“…Levy et al demonstrated a significant quantitative reduction of brain activation in hyposmic patients in regions known to be important for olfactory processing and also detected changes in novel areas like the inferior frontal and cingulate gyral regions of the frontal cortex [ 52 ]. However, fMRI is still reserved for research purposes due to key challenges it has to overcome before it can become a routine part of clinical practice [ 53 ].…”

Section: Investigations For Olfactory Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations and Outcomes for Olfactory Disorders

Luke

Lee

Jegatheeswaran

et al. 2022

Curr Otorhinolaryngol Rep

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Purpose of Review To provide a detailed overview of the investigations and core outcome measures for olfactory disorders. Recent Findings Olfactory disorders can have a detrimental impact to the quality of life of patients. There are a wide range of causes of olfactory loss including sinonasal conditions, idiopathic, post-head trauma or infection. This review highlights the key investigations and reasoning for their use to clinically assess and research patients with olfactory disorders. In addition, this review outlines the core outcome measures for olfaction that will help inform future research in olfactory disorders. Summary A systematic approach with history taking and examination particularly with nasal endoscopy can determine the cause of the olfactory disorder in most cases. Specific olfactory disorder questionnaires can demonstrate the impact on quality of life, while psychophysical testing can objectively assess and monitor olfaction over time. Olfactory-evoked potentials and functional MRI are reserved for research, whereas CT and MRI imaging are used depending on history and examination. A core outcome set for olfaction has been developed that will help standardise the outcome measures used in olfaction and olfactory disorders research.

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Objective Assessment of Olfactory Function Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

<p>Change in Functional Brain Activation Patterns Induced by Olfactory Stimulation in Multiple Sclerosis</p>

<p>Change in Functional Brain Activation Patterns Induced by Olfactory Stimulation in Multiple Sclerosis</p>

Wireless Point-of-Care Platform With Screen-Printed Sensors for Biomarkers Detection

Investigations and Outcomes for Olfactory Disorders

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