Object salience and code separation in picture naming

Abstract

Picture naming requires access to three kinds of codes in permanent memory: visualperceptual, semantic, and lexical. When a picture is named a second time, there is a substantial latency drop. This is assumed to reflect a limited but specific reorganization of memory called "update." Research was designed to explore three questions: (1) Are the code systems independent? (2) Does update occur in the visual system? If so, what proportion of update is visual? (3) How does the salience of objects (Le., frequency, ecological importance) determine the magnitude of the latency drop? The naming latencies for pictures previously processed only visually were compared with pictures renamed and those not previously presented. Pictures were calibrated on one index of salience (uncertainty). Results supported the conclusion that the visual system is at least partially independent of the others. Update occurs in the visual system; visual-node priming may be responsible for approximately one-third of the total latency drop. Finally, visual update appears insensitive to object salience, whereas the nonvisual components primed, lexical and/or semantic, interact with salience.

Decomposition of repetition priming components in picture naming.

“…For example, decisions about the animacy, weight, natural or manufactured origin, or category membership of a pictured object facilitated later naming relative to new items (Carroll, Byrne, & Kirsner, 1985; Vaidya et al, 1998). Classifying a picture as new in a recognition test also facilitated later naming (Lachman, Lachman, Thronesbery, & Sala, 1980). In bilingual individuals, prior naming of pictures in one language facilitated naming the same pictures in the other language relative to new items (Francis et al, 2003; Francis & Sáenz, 2007; Hernandez & Reyes, 2002).…”

Evolution of the structural and optical properties from cobalt cordierite glass to glass-ceramic based on spinel crystalline phase materials

“…For instance, Mg cordierite-based materials found wide application as microelectronic package supports [1,2]. Recently, we reported the mechanism of crystallization of pure cobalt and magnesium cordierite glasses and it was found a comparable thermal expansion of both cordierites [3].…”

The development of monodispersed alumino-chromate spinel nanoparticles in doped cordierite glass, studied by in situ X-ray small and wide angle scattering, and chromium X-ray spectroscopy

“…For instance as the honeycomb support for exhaust catalysts and there are promising new applications as substrates in electronic packaging and in the development of tunable lasers and solar concentrators [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. A variety of preparation methodologies have been directed at synthesizing cordierite ceramics.…”