Object recognition test in mice

Léger, Marianne; Quiedeville, Anne; Bouët, Valentine; Haelewyn, Benoît; Boulouard, Michel; Schumann-Bard, Pascale; Freret, Thomas

doi:10.1038/nprot.2013.155

Cited by 952 publications

(758 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The NOR is a widely used learning and memory task, which offers no external stimuli or reinforcement (Leger et al. 2013). During day 1—familiarization (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early‐life single‐episode sevoflurane exposure impairs social behavior and cognition later in life

et al. 2016

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BackgroundSingle‐episode anesthetic exposure is the most prevalent surgery‐related incidence among young children in the United States. Although numerous studies have used animals to model the effects of neonatal anesthetics on behavioral changes later on in life, our understanding of the functional consequences to the developing brain in a comprehensive and clinically relevant manner is unclear.MethodsThe volatile anesthetic, sevoflurane (sevo) was administered to C57BL6 postnatal day 7 (P7) mice in a 40% oxygen and 60% nitrogen gas mixture. In order to examine the effects of sevo alone on the developing brain in a clinically relevant manner, mice were exposed to an average of 2.38 ± 0.11% sevo for 2 h. No sevo (control) mice were treated in an identical manner without sevo exposure. Mice were examined for cognition and neuropsychiatric‐like behavioral changes at 1–5 months of age.ResultsUsing the active place avoidance (APA) test and the novel object recognition (NOR) test, we demonstrated that P7 sevo‐treated mice showed a deficit in learning and memory both during periadolescence and adulthood. We then employed a battery of neuropsychiatric‐like behavioral tests to examine social interaction, communication, and repetitive behavior. Interestingly, compared to the no‐sevo–treated group, sevo‐treated mice showed significant reductions in the time interacting with a novel mouse (push–crawl and following), time and interaction in a chamber with a novel mouse, and time sniffing a novel social odor.ConclusionsOur study established that single‐episode, 2‐h sevo treatment during early life impairs cognition later on in life. With this approach, we also observed neuropsychiatric‐like behavior changes such as social interaction deficits in the sevo‐treated mice. This study elucidated the effects of a clinically relevant single‐episode sevo application, given during the neonatal period, on neurodevelopmental behavioral changes later on in life.

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“…The NOR is a widely used learning and memory task, which offers no external stimuli or reinforcement (Leger et al. 2013). During day 1—familiarization (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early‐life single‐episode sevoflurane exposure impairs social behavior and cognition later in life

et al. 2016

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“…Therefore, we asked whether deletion of endothelial S1pr1 and after BBB opening can affect recognition memory. For this purpose, control and S1pr1 iECKO mice were tested for the novel object recognition (NOR) task, a paradigm that is commonly used to investigate recognition memory performance (31). In this behavioral test, we found that S1pr1 iECKO mice spent significantly less time in exploring a novel object than control mice (Fig.…”

Section: Inflammatory Gene Expression and Cognitive Function In Earlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-selective opening of the blood–brain barrier by targeting endothelial sphingosine 1–phosphate receptor 1

Yanagida

Liu

Faraco

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

178

162

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The vasculature of the central nervous system (CNS) forms a selective barrier termed the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Disruption of the BBB may contribute to various CNS diseases. Conversely, the intact BBB restricts efficient penetration of CNS-targeted drugs. Here, we report the BBB-regulatory role of endothelial sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor-1, a G protein-coupled receptor known to promote the barrier function in peripheral vessels. Endothelial-specific S1pr1 knockout mice (S1pr1 iECKO ) showed BBB breach for small-molecular-mass fluorescence tracers (<3 kDa), but not larger tracers (>10 kDa). Chronic BBB leakiness was associated with cognitive impairment, as assessed by the novel object recognition test, but not signs of brain inflammation. Brain microvessels of S1pr1 iECKO mice showed altered subcellular distribution of tight junctional proteins. Pharmacological inhibition of S1P 1 function led to transient BBB breach. These data suggest that brain endothelial S1P 1 maintain the BBB by regulating the proper localization of tight junction proteins and raise the possibility that endothelial S1P 1 inhibition may be a strategy for transient BBB opening and delivery of small molecules into the CNS.blood-brain barrier | sphingosine 1-phosphate | endothelium | tight junction | drug delivery

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“…Equipment was set up as per Leger et al [23]. The arena was constructed from grey plastic and measured 40 x 40 cm.…”

Section: Novel Object Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hole-board test was used to assess independent measures of exploratory tendency and neophobia. Novel object recognition was performed to test recognition memory with a short habituation period (5 minutes) 24 hours before the familiarisation phase [23]. An observer blinded to the animal treatment scored behaviours manually.…”

Section: Behavioural Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal hypomagnesemia alters hippocampal NMDAR subunit expression and programs anxiety-like behaviour in adult offspring

Schlegel

Spiers

Cullen

et al. 2017

Behavioural Brain Research

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.  Maternal Mg deficiency reduced hippocampal GluN1 and GluN2A in male offspring.  Female offspring of Mg-deficient dams had increased GluN1, GluN2A and GluN2B.  Maternal Mg deficiency increased hippocampal GluN2B:GluN2A in adult offspring. AbstractIt is well established that maternal undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies can lead to altered development and behaviour in offspring. However, few studies have explored the implications of maternal Mg deficiency and programmed behavioural and neurological outcomes in offspring. We used a model of Mg deficiency (prior to and during pregnancy and lactation) in CD1 mice to investigate if maternal Mg deficiency programmed changes in behaviour and NMDAR subunit expression in offspring. Hippocampal tissue was collected at postnatal day 2 (PN2), PN8, PN21 and 6 months, and protein expression of NMDAR subunits GluN1, GluN2A and GluN2B was determined. At 6 months of age, offspring were subject to behavioural tasks testing aspects of anxiety-like behaviour, memory, and neophobia. Maternal hypomagnesemia was associated with increased GluN1, GluN2A and GluN2B subunit expression in female offspring at 6 months, but decreased GluN1 and GluN2A expression in males. The GluN2B:GluN2A expression ratio was increased in both sexes. Male (but not female) offspring from Mg-deficient dams showed anxiety-like behaviour, with reduced head dips (Suok test), and reduced exploration of open arms (elevated plus maze). Both male and female offspring from Mg-deficient dams also showed impaired recognition memory (novel object test). These findings suggest that maternal Mg deficiency can result in behavioural deficits in adult life, and that these changes may be related to alterations in hippocampal NMDA receptor expression.

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Object recognition test in mice

Cited by 952 publications

References 31 publications

Early‐life single‐episode sevoflurane exposure impairs social behavior and cognition later in life

Early‐life single‐episode sevoflurane exposure impairs social behavior and cognition later in life

Size-selective opening of the blood–brain barrier by targeting endothelial sphingosine 1–phosphate receptor 1

Maternal hypomagnesemia alters hippocampal NMDAR subunit expression and programs anxiety-like behaviour in adult offspring

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