Object based watermarking for H.264/AVC video resistant to rst attacks

Gaj, Sibaji; Patel, Ashish Singh; Sur, Arijit

doi:10.1007/s11042-014-2422-3

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…On the other hand, Lei et al (2010) firstly performed SVD on each block of the video frame, followed by DCT, so it is basically embedding the watermark in the DCT domain too. Meanwhile, lesser studied are the types of schemes that embed watermarks into the motion vectors, e.g., Stuetz et al (2014) and Gaj et al (2016). All of these scheme proposals are commonly supported by experimental results showing robustness to image processing attacks, nevertheless, they did not make claims about resilience to transcoding.…”

Section: Discussion On Related Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust transcoding-resilient H.264 watermarking

Ting

Goi

Lee

2021

IJITST

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The H.264 standard is widely deployed for high-quality consumer video recording, storage and sharing applications such as Blu-ray DVD and streaming HD video on the internet including YouTube. In current times, since videos are easily shared live on social media and messaging mobile apps, users need the ability to determine the ownership of these videos against being illegally distributed without proper acknowledgements to the owners, and to take actions against those who spread false videos that trigger viral fake news. Robust watermarking schemes are popularly applied techniques to solve these problems. These types of schemes are required to achieve robustness against modification attacks on the embedded watermark. In this paper, we present the design of a new robust watermarking scheme for these purposes, namely that achieves robustness against common modification attacks aiming to change the watermarks embedded by the owner, and it is furthermore resilient to transcoding. The latter property ensures that the embedded watermark remains detectable despite having undergone the common video processing operation of transcoding.

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Section: Discussion On Related Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust transcoding-resilient H.264 watermarking

Ting

Goi

Lee

2021

IJITST

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“…where & denotes a bitwise AND operation. According to (12) to (15), the prediction value P 3,3 is obtained as an interpolation of R 3,0 and R 4,0 . P 3,2 and P 3,4 on the same line as P 3,3 are obtained by interpolation with the same reference pixels and will be very close to P 3,3 .…”

Section: A Proposed Watermark Embedding Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the field of AVC watermarking, Mansouri et al [14] proposed a low-complexity robust watermarking algorithm based on the number of nonzero (NNZ) transform coefficients, defining a priority matrix to adjust the impact of watermark on bit rate and video quality. Gaj et al [15] used a detection method for motion coherent regions in the compressed domain to embed the watermark into the motion objects of each shot of the video, resisting geometric attacks such as rotation and scaling. Chen et al [16] proposed a robust watermarking algorithm based on just noticeable difference (JND).…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Intra-Drift-Free Robust Watermarking Algorithm in High Efficiency Video Coding Compressed Domain

2019

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The existing watermarking algorithms in H.265/high efficiency video coding (HEVC) compressed domain cannot achieve intra-frame distortion drift-free and resist the recompression and signal processing attacks simultaneously. Therefore, the application of HEVC watermarking in copyright protection is limited in practice. To solve the problem, this paper proposes an intra-drift-free robust watermarking algorithm, which uses a multi-coefficients modification method to embed the watermark into intra prediction residual pixels of 4 × 4 luminance transform blocks in the spatial domain. Based on the spatial-domain embedding method, watermark information can be extracted from the blocks that have been attacked and merged into 8 × 8 size, which improves the robustness. To further improve the performance of the watermarking algorithm, the proposed algorithm uses a combination of three thresholds according to the application requirements. Experimental results on a publicly available video database (JCT-VC) have justified the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm which has better imperceptibility and robustness than existing algorithms. In addition, the proposed algorithm has high real-time performance and is suitable for application scenarios where the video is distributed on a large scale. INDEX TERMS Video signal processing, watermarking, robustness, H.265/high efficiency video coding (HEVC), compressed domain, intra-drift-free.

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“…Compared to the MPEG standard, H.264 adopts some different technologies, like prediction technology, so many conventional video watermarking algorithms are no longer applicable. Most robust video watermarking algorithms based on H.264/AVC choose to embed watermarks into DCT coefficients [82][83][84][85][86]. For the VOD service, He et al [82] proposed a real-time double watermarking algorithm.…”

Section: Mpeg-based Watermarking Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Buhari et al [84] proposed a watermarking algorithm for spatial scalable video coding based on HVS, which embedded watermark information into high texture blocks of video streams. Gaj et al [85] expanded the existing motion coherence region detection algorithm in the compression domain to detect moving objects in video shots, and embedded watermark information into them to resist geometric attacks. To achieve higher video visual quality and slight bit rate increase, Fallahpour et al [86] embedded watermark information in the last nonzero level of quantized DCT (QDCT) blocks.…”

Section: Mpeg-based Watermarking Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Robust Video Watermarking Algorithms for Copyright Protection

Wang

Zhou

2018

Applied Sciences

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With the development and popularization of the Internet and the rise of various live broadcast platforms, digital videos have penetrated into all aspects of people’s life. At the same time, all kinds of pirated videos are also flooding the Internet, which seriously infringe the rights and interests of video copyright owners and hinder the healthy development of the video industry. Therefore, robust video watermarking algorithms for copyright protection have emerged as these times require. In this paper, we review robust video watermarking algorithms for copyright protection based on original videos and compressed videos. Basic models and properties of video watermarking algorithms are described, and the evaluation indexes corresponding to each property are also introduced. To help researchers understand various existing robust watermarking algorithms quickly, some basic information and the quantitative estimation of several performances are analyzed and compared. Finally, we discuss the challenges in the research of robust video watermarking algorithms, and give possible development directions for the future.

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Object based watermarking for H.264/AVC video resistant to rst attacks

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Robust transcoding-resilient H.264 watermarking

Robust transcoding-resilient H.264 watermarking

An Intra-Drift-Free Robust Watermarking Algorithm in High Efficiency Video Coding Compressed Domain

A Survey on Robust Video Watermarking Algorithms for Copyright Protection

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