Obesogens

Grün, Felix

doi:10.1097/med.0b013e32833ddea0

Cited by 82 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…6,8,127 Research indicates that BPA has estrogenic properties, can interfere with endocrine signaling pathways, and may affect energy balance and glucose homeostasis. 8,127,139 BPA was measured in spot urine samples collected from pregnant women and children at ages 5 and 9 years as part of the CHAMACOS study. Results indicated that prenatal urinary BPA concentrations were negatively associated with BMI at 9 years of age in girls but not boys.…”

Section: Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,[142][143][144] Phthalates are a group of man-made chemicals widely used in industrial and consumer product applications. 8,145,146 Exposure to phthalates can occur from food sources, plastic containers, flooring materials and wall coverings, medical devices, personal care products, lacquers, varnishes, and coatings. Exposure for infants and children may also come from skin contact with surfaces and frequent mouthing of fingers and other objects (e.g., plastic toys), ingestion of breast milk, infant formula, cow's milk, or food packaging, and through inhalation.…”

Section: Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] For example, metabolic risk factors such as diabetes have been shown to be linked to obesity, and there is growing research exploring the associations between chemical exposures and diabetes. 15,16 However, the inter-relationships between stressors are not well understood. Generally, the obesity epidemic is thought to be a result of chronic energy imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical and non-chemical stressors affecting childhood obesity: a systematic scoping review

Lichtveld

Thomas

Tulve

2017

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Childhood obesity in the United States has doubled over the last three decades and currently affects 17% of children and adolescents. While much research has focused on individual behaviors impacting obesity, little research has emphasized the complex interactions of numerous chemical and non-chemical stressors found in a child's environment and how these interactions affect a child's health and well-being. The objectives of this systematic scoping review were to (1) identify potential chemical stressors in the context of non-chemical stressors that impact childhood obesity; and, (2) summarize our observations for chemical and non-chemical stressors in regards to child-specific environments within a community setting. A review was conducted to identify chemical and non-chemical stressors related to childhood obesity for the childhood life stages ranging from prenatal to adolescence. Stressors were identified and grouped into domains: individual behaviors, family/household behaviors, community stressors, and chemical exposures. Stressors were related to the child and the child's everyday environments and used to characterize child health and well-being. This review suggests that the interactions of chemical and non-chemical stressors are important for understanding a child's overall health and well-being. By considering these relationships, the exposure science research community can better design and implement strategies to reduce childhood obesity.

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Section: Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical and non-chemical stressors affecting childhood obesity: a systematic scoping review

Lichtveld

Thomas

Tulve

2017

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…Common obesogen exposures involve antidiabetic thiazolidinediones, such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, despite their insulin-sensitizing effect (Grun and Blumberg 2009 ). Organotins are a class of organic pollutants widely used in industry and an example is tributyltin, which can cause potential harm as a man-made obesogen contributing to obesity and unfavorably altering human health (Grun 2010 ).…”

Section: Metabolic Syndrome and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 98%

The Effect of Nutrition and Exercise on Epigenetics and the Development of Cardiovascular Disease

WhayneJr.

2014

Molecular Mechanisms and Physiology of Disease

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Epigenetics is defi ned as the study of heritable alterations in gene expression or cellular phenotype. The term defi nes the difference from just a genetic approach. A more precise defi nition is that epigenetics is all the meiotically and mitotically inherited changes in gene expression that are not encoded in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence itself. Major epigenetic mechanisms are modifi cations of histone proteins in chromatin and DNA methylation (which does not alter the DNA sequence). There is increasing evidence for the involvement of epigenetics in human disease such as infl ammatory disease and cancer. Other chronic diseases are also susceptible to epigenetic modifi cation such as metabolic diseases including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. There is much evidence for the modification of epigenetics by nutrition and exercise. Through these modifi cations, there is infi nite potential for benefi t for the fetus, the newborn, and the individual as well as population effects. Association with cardiovascular (CV) disease including coronary heart disease (CHD) and peripheral arterial disease is evident through epigenetic relationships and modifi cation by major CV risk factors such as tobacco abuse. Aging itself may be altered by epigenetic modifi cation. Knowledge of the subject and its relevance is in a very preliminary stage.

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“…Phthalates have been reported to modify several cellular processes in humans. Exposure to this class of chemicals has been associated with endocrine disruption, metabolic disorders, reproductive and developmental defects (Andrade et al, 2006;Stahlhut et al, 2007;Grün, 2010;Olsen et al, 2012;Engel et al, 2010;Miodovnik et al, 2011). Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is one of the most commonly used of the phthalates and the most abundant of its class in the environment (Kamrin, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined arsenic and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure elicits responses in brain ATPases different from hepatic and renal activities in rats

Afolabi¹,

Ugbaja²,

Ademuyiwa³

2016

J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Sci.

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Arsenic and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are environmentally ubiquitous and epidemiologically important toxic agents that millions of people are currently exposed to, worldwide. Although the adverse impact due to exposure to either arsenic or DEHP are documented, the toxicological effects of co-exposure to these agents are largely unknown. In this study, exposure to these chemicals was investigated for their effects on ATPase activities in the brain, liver and kidney of rats. Male Wistar rats were exposed daily to 100 mg L -1 arsenic via drinking water and to 100 mg DEHP kg -1 body weight in corn oil either individually or concurrently for 30 days. Toxicity was assessed by evaluating changes in body and organ weights, as well as, Na + /K + -, Ca 2+ -, Mg 2+ -and total ATPase activities in the brain, liver and kidney. Exposure to either arsenic or DEHP resulted in drastic reduction in activities of the enzymes in the compartments investigated, except in the brain where Na + /K + -and Mg 2+ -ATPases had their activities significantly increased. Also, DEHP displayed no effect on the total ATPase and Ca 2+ATPase in the kidney and brain, respectively. Interestingly, co-exposure to these toxicants significantly stimulated the activities of all these enzymes in the brain. In this compartment, combined treatment resulted in an additive interaction between the toxicants and a potentiation effect of arsenic on DEHP with regards to the Na + /K + -ATPase activity and Ca 2+ -ATPase activity, respectively. Our findings demonstrate tissue specific response to combined arsenic and DEHP exposure in rats with the effect on the brain significantly different from other compartments.

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Obesogens

Abstract: These examples serve to provide perspective on the potential harm that man-made obesogenic pollutants pose to human health, focus attention on areas in which knowledge remains inadequate and prompt a re-evaluation of the causative risk factors driving the current changes in obesity rates.

Cited by 82 publications

References 86 publications

Chemical and non-chemical stressors affecting childhood obesity: a systematic scoping review

Chemical and non-chemical stressors affecting childhood obesity: a systematic scoping review

The Effect of Nutrition and Exercise on Epigenetics and the Development of Cardiovascular Disease

Combined arsenic and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure elicits responses in brain ATPases different from hepatic and renal activities in rats

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