Obesity: Scope, Lifestyle Interventions, and Medical Management

McCafferty, Benjamin J.; Hill, James O.; Gunn, Andrew J.

doi:10.1016/j.tvir.2020.100653

Cited by 48 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…In recent years, the global obesity rate has shown a linear growth trend. Obesity not only affects the quality of life and body beauty of patients, but also seriously harms their health (Ravussin & Bogardus 1992;McCafferty et al 2020). The causes of obesity include active mRNA expression of genes related to adipose formation, which affects the differentiation of adipose cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Anti-obesity Effect of Caffeoylquinic Acids From the Cell Culture of Saussurea Involucrata

Bao¹,

Gao²,

Zhang³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Backgroud: Saussurea involucrata Kar. et Kir. (Compositae) (CCSauI) cells are rich in caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs), which have plasma lipid reducing properties and anti-obesity effects, although the mechanisms remain unclear. Clarify CQA’s anti-obesity mechanism and provide new treatments for obesity. Methods: Sprague Dawley (SD) rat were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), then CQAs was intragastric administrated (0.1, 0.5 or 1 mg/mL). Rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=30): NC, MC, TPL (0.1 mg/mL), TPM (0.5 mg/mL) and TPH (1 mg/mL). Digestive enzyme inhibition was obtained by measuring the inhibition rate of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase in vitro. Anti-obesity function was detected by determining the content of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA) superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). To analyze the related mechanisms qRT-PCR was employed. Results: From in vitro enzyme activity assays, the IC50 values of the CQAs extract for α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase were 0.631, 0.31, and 0.438 mg/mL, respectively. CQAs administration for 8 weeks decreased retroperitoneal fat and serum and liver TC, TG, LDL-C, and MDA. Comparatively, levels of HDL-C, SOD, and GSH-Px were increased. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR showed inhibited expression of fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl and coenzyme A reductase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α activation, and 7α-hydroxylase promotion. Conclusion: This study explored the role of CQAs in inhibiting digestive enzyme activities and up-regulating the expression of lipase, significant for prevention and treatment of diabetes and obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Anti-obesity Effect of Caffeoylquinic Acids From the Cell Culture of Saussurea Involucrata

Bao¹,

Gao²,

Zhang³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Obesity is a non-transmissible chronic disease that has outspread and became highly prevalent in humans worldwide. It is described as a multifactorial and endocrine-metabolic disease that involves interactions among hormonal, genetic and environmental factors triggering adiposity in excess ( McCafferty et al., 2020 ). The adipose tissue is a metabolically active organ, and therefore, featuring obesity just as fat accumulation is an oversimplistic view ( Vegiopoulos et al., 2017 ).…”

Section: Immune Response In Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Weight of Obesity in Immunity from Influenza to COVID-19

Andrade

Gualberto

Rezende

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged in December 2019 and rapidly outspread worldwide endangering human health. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) manifests itself through a wide spectrum of symptoms that can evolve to severe presentations as pneumonia and several non-respiratory complications. Increased susceptibility to COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality have been linked to associated comorbidities as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and, recently, to obesity. Similarly, individuals living with obesity are at greater risk to develop clinical complications and to have poor prognosis in severe influenza pneumonia. Immune and metabolic dysfunctions associated with the increased susceptibility to influenza infection are linked to obesity-associated low-grade inflammation, compromised immune and endocrine systems, and to high cardiovascular risk. These preexisting conditions may favor virological persistence, amplify immunopathological responses and worsen hemodynamic instability in severe COVID-19 as well. In this review we highlight the main factors and the current state of the art on obesity as risk factor for influenza and COVID-19 hospitalization, severe respiratory manifestations, extrapulmonary complications and even death. Finally, immunoregulatory mechanisms of severe influenza pneumonia in individuals with obesity are addressed as likely factors involved in COVID-19 pathophysiology.

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“…Specifically, energy restriction is crucial for the weight-loss phase, while physical activity is essential for long-term maintenance. A decrease of at least 5% of the initial body weight is considered clinically significant and can be effectively achieved by lowering the daily caloric intake by 500 kcal [ 15 ]. Of note, exercise without dietary restrictions is able to achieve only 3–5% weight loss in patients with obesity [ 16 ].…”

Section: The Challenges Of Obesity Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue and circulating microRNAs as biomarkers of response to obesity treatment strategies

Catanzaro

Filardi

Sabato

et al. 2020

J Endocrinol Invest

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Background Obesity, characterized by an increased amount of adipose tissue, is a metabolic chronic alteration which has reached pandemic proportion. Lifestyle changes are the first line therapy for obesity and a large variety of dietary approaches have demonstrated efficacy in promoting weight loss and improving obesity-related metabolic alterations. Besides diet and physical activity, bariatric surgery might be an effective therapeutic strategy for morbid obese patients. Response to weight-loss interventions is characterised by high inter-individual variability, which might involve epigenetic factors. microRNAs have critical roles in metabolic processes and their dysregulated expression has been reported in obesity. Aim The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of current studies evaluating changes in microRNA expression in obese patients undergoing lifestyle interventions or bariatric surgery. Results A considerable number of studies have reported a differential expression of circulating microRNAs before and after various dietary and bariatric surgery approaches, identifying several candidate biomarkers of response to weight loss. Significant changes in microRNA expression have been observed at a tissue level as well, with entirely different patterns between visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Interestingly, relevant differences in microRNA expression have emerged between responders and non-responders to dietary or surgical interventions. A wide variety of dysregulated microRNA target pathways have also been identified, helping to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases. Conclusions Although further research is needed to draw firm conclusions, there is increasing evidence about microRNAs as potential biomarkers for weight loss and response to intervention strategies in obesity.

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Obesity: Scope, Lifestyle Interventions, and Medical Management

Cited by 48 publications

References 68 publications

A Study on the Anti-obesity Effect of Caffeoylquinic Acids From the Cell Culture of Saussurea Involucrata

A Study on the Anti-obesity Effect of Caffeoylquinic Acids From the Cell Culture of Saussurea Involucrata

The Weight of Obesity in Immunity from Influenza to COVID-19

Tissue and circulating microRNAs as biomarkers of response to obesity treatment strategies

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