Obesity-related asthma in children is characterized by T-helper 1 rather than T-helper 2 immune response: A meta-analysis

Nyambuya, Tawanda M.; Dludla, Phiwayinkosi V.; Mxinwa, Vuyolwethu; Nkambule, Bongani B.

doi:10.1016/j.anai.2020.06.020

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…12,13,28,33 The use of allergen-specific immunotherapy and anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with allergies is effective in lowering the levels of allergy-associated T H 2 cells, IL-4, IL-13 and IL-5. 10,12,13,15,18,29 However, because of the heterogeneous nature of allergic responses and confounding factors such as obesity that alter immune responses, 3 there is an increased interest in cytokine-targeting biologics as an alternative treatment strategy for allergic responses. 11 In that context, while both IL-4 and IL-5 play pivotal roles in mediating type 2 inflammation in allergic patients, our meta-analysis showed that IL-4/IL-5 immune responses are weighted towards IL-4 when compared to IL-5 as indicated by a larger effect size in the levels of the former cytokine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 An alteration in the T H 1/ T H 2 ratio is a hallmark of several immune-mediated diseases, including immediate hypersensitivity disorders. 2,3 In fact, allergic reactions are characterised by an exacerbated T H 2-skewed immune response and the manifestation of allergic symptoms such as atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and asthma. 4,5 Notably, the resulting inflammatory milieu is modulated by interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5, the two major cytokines that mediate T H 2-mediated inflammation.…”

Section: A Balance Between T-helper (T H )1 and T H 2 Immunementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assessments based on the four domains showed that the included studies had a low risk of reporting bias with a median score of 7.5 (6)(7)(8)(9)(10) out of the possible score of 11 (overall agreement, 92.85%; kappa=0.86) and internal validity bias, a median of 4 (3-6) out of the possible score of 7 (overall agreement, 92.85%; kappa = 0.86). However, the studies had high risk of external validity bias with a median of 1 (0-2) out of the possible score of 3 (overall agreement, 88.10%; kappa = 0.76) and selection bias with a median of 2.5 (2)(3)(4)(5)(6) out of the possible score of 6 (overall agreement, 97.62%; kappa = 0.95).…”

Section: Study Quality and Risk Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between the type of allergen and T-helper 2 mediated inflammation in allergic reactions: a systematic review and a meta-analysis

Nepolo

Nkambule

Dludla

et al. 2022

aei

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Objectives: To determine whether the levels of T-helper (TH) 2 cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5) in allergic reactions are allergen dependent and evaluate the impact of various treatment strategies on the levels of these cytokines.Methods: The PubMed search engine was used from inception until January 2021. The random-effects residual maximum likelihood model was performed, and effect sizes were estimated using the Hedge’s g statistic. All data analysis was performed using STATA 16.0 (StataCorp LP, TX, USA). Results: Fourteen studies reporting on 794 participants were included in this study. House dust mite was associated with eliciting a stronger immune response mediated by both IL-4 and IL-5 when compared to pollen. Whereas a mixture of house dust mite and pollen was associated with IL-4-weighted inflammation. Comparisons of IL-4 and IL-5 levels amongst the allergens showed significant differences. The treatment with anti-corticosteroids or allergen-specific immunotherapy was effective in normalising the TH2 responses and alleviating allergy symptoms.Conclusion: TH2-mediated inflammation in allergic reactions is allergen-dependent. Therefore, the type of allergen should be considered when using cytokine-targeting biologics in allergic reactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Balance Between T-helper (T H )1 and T H 2 Immunementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Quality and Risk Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between the type of allergen and T-helper 2 mediated inflammation in allergic reactions: a systematic review and a meta-analysis

Nepolo

Nkambule

Dludla

et al. 2022

aei

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“…However, findings by other researchers indicated that obese asthmatic individuals did not exhibit allergic inflammation [ 37 ] and commonly had a noneosinophilic inflammation [ 38 , 39 ]. One meta-analysis indicated that systemic immune responses are nonatopic among obese asthmatics and differ from atopic inflammation among normal-weight asthmatic individuals [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Pulmonary Function and Inflammation in Children/Adolescents with New-Onset Asthma with Different Adiposity Statuses

Ying

Yuan

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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(1) Background: The relationship between obesity and asthma is still uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the effect of overweight/obesity on the pulmonary function of patients with new-onset pediatric asthma and explore the possible causative factors related to concomitant obesity and asthma. (2) Methods: Patients aged 5 to 17 years old with newly diagnosed mild to moderate asthma were recruited from June 2018 to May 2019, from a respiratory clinic in Shanghai, China. Participants were categorized into three groups: normal weight, overweight, and obese asthma. A family history of atopy and patients’ personal allergic diseases were recorded. Pulmonary function, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), eosinophils, serum-specific immunoglobulins E (sIgE), serum total IgE (tIgE), and serum inflammatory biomarkers (adiponectin, leptin, Type 1 helper T, and Type 2 helper T cytokines) were tested in all participants. (3) Results: A total of 407 asthma patients (197 normal weight, 92 overweight, and 118 obese) were enrolled. There was a reduction in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC%, and FEF25–75% in the overweight/obese groups. No difference was found between the study groups in the main allergy characteristics. Leptin levels were higher while adiponectin was lower in asthmatics with obesity. Higher levels of IL-16 were found in overweight/obese asthmatic individuals than in normal-weight individuals. (4) Conclusions: Obesity may have an effect on impaired pulmonary function. While atopic inflammation plays an important role in the onset of asthma, nonatopic inflammation (including leptin and adiponectin) increases the severity of asthma in overweight/obese patients. The significance of different levels of IL-16 between groups needs to be further studied.

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“…ŨƀƂƊƟƇƇƙ ƆźƝ Ƈſ ƌƟƅƖƄƂ ƇſŽźƌƂżƇƟ ſƋƌſƌƂƑ-ƇƟ ƇźƋƅƟžƄƂ, źƅſ ƃ ƌƟƋƇƈ Ɖƈż'ƙƁźƇſ ƁƟ ƁƇźƑƇƈƘ ƄƟƅƖƄƟƋƌƘ ƍƋƄƅźžƇſƇƖ, ź ƉƊƂ ƄƈƆƈƊŻƟžƇƈƋƌƟ Ɓ ƟƇƒƂƆƂ ƏżƈƊƈŻźƆƂ ƁƆƟƇƘƝ ƉſƊſŻƟŽ ƈƋƌźƇƇƟƏ [41]. ŬźƄ, żƋſ ƑźƋƌƟƒſ ƉƈƊƍƒƍƘƌƖ ƉƂƌźƇƇƙ ƉƊƈ ƉƟžżƂƓſƇƂƃ ƊƂƁƂƄ ƊƈƁżƂƌƄƍ ƌź ƌƙƀƑƂƃ Ɖſ-ƊſŻƟŽ ƍ ƊźƁƟ ƄƈƆŻƟƇźƐƟƠ Ɓ ƈƀƂƊƟƇƇƙƆ ŻƊƈƇƏƟźƅƖ-ƇƈƠ źƋƌƆƂ [2, 18,24,25], ŽƟƉſƊƌƈƇƟƑƇƈƠ ƏżƈƊƈŻƂ [11,19] ŭ ƋſƊſžƇƖƈƆƍ ż ƈƊŽźƇƟƁƆƟ žƈƊƈƋƅƈƠ ƅƘžƂƇƂ ƆƟƋƌƂƌƖƋƙ ŻƅƂƁƖƄƈ 6 Ž ƏƊƈƆƍ. ŧźƃżƂƓź ƄƈƇ-ƐſƇƌƊźƐƟƙ ƐƖƈŽƈ ƆƟƄƊƈſƅſƆſƇƌź ƋƉƈƋƌſƊƟŽźƝƌƖ-Ƌƙ ż ƉſƑƟƇƐƟ (0,2 ƆŽ/ƄŽ), ƇƂƊƄźƏ (0,6 ƆŽ/ƄŽ), Ɔ'ƙƁźƏ (0,024-0,84 ƆŽ/ƄŽ) Ɵ ƇƟŽƌƙƏ (6,2 ƆŽ/ƄŽ).…”

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The biological role of chromium and the impact of changes in its content on the course of obesity and hypertension in children (literature review, own research)

Marushko¹,

Kostynska²,

Hyshchak³

et al. 2022

MPU

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The study of the role of certain microelements deficiency in the human body has not lost its relevance for decades. One of these microelements is chromium. Given its ability to reduce oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in the human body, much attention is being paid to studying the role of chromium in the treatment of obesity and hypertension. A number of scientists in their studies have shown a positive effect of chromium supplementation in these diseases. However, a large number of unexplored questions remain. In particular, most of the studies are devoted to the study of isolated diseases, while many patients usually have a comorbidity of several diseases. Also, the study of the role of this microelement in children remains without the attention of scientists. Most scientists note the need for further research in this direction. Purpose - to summarize the literature data and the results of our own studies of the biological role of chromium and the impact of changes in its content on the course of obesity and hypertension in children. Results and conclusions. Today, the role of chromium in the treatment and prevention of obesity and hypertension continues to be studied. According to literature sources, with a decrease in the level of chromium in the blood plasma of patients, obesity and hypertension are statistically significantly more often recorded. In systematic reviews chromium supplementation has been shown to reduce body weight and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with obesity and hypertension. As a result of the study, it was found that the level of chromium in the hair of school-age children with hypertension in combination with obesity is statistically significantly (p<0.01) lower than in healthy peers. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors. Key words: chromium, microelements, obesity, hypertension, comorbidity, children.

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Obesity-related asthma in children is characterized by T-helper 1 rather than T-helper 2 immune response: A meta-analysis

Cited by 18 publications

References 50 publications

Association between the type of allergen and T-helper 2 mediated inflammation in allergic reactions: a systematic review and a meta-analysis

Association between the type of allergen and T-helper 2 mediated inflammation in allergic reactions: a systematic review and a meta-analysis

Comparison of Pulmonary Function and Inflammation in Children/Adolescents with New-Onset Asthma with Different Adiposity Statuses

The biological role of chromium and the impact of changes in its content on the course of obesity and hypertension in children (literature review, own research)

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