Obesity Over the Life Course

Mizuno, Tooru M.; Shu, I-Wei; Makimura, Hideo; Mobbs, Charles V.

doi:10.1126/sageke.2004.24.re4

Cited by 35 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…Mounting evidence has removed all doubts that obesity has a direct link to an increase in conditions such as hypertension [1,7,19], atherosclerosis [1,7,19], diabetes [1,7,19], malignancy [1,7] and many other medical conditions [1] reducing the life span [12,24] of an individual. Obesity has also been shown to be a mechanical factor influencing the initiation and progression of osteoarthritis of the hip and the knee [2,16,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of body mass index to early complications in hip replacement surgery

Patel

Albrizio

2006

International Orthopaedics (SICO

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between body mass index and early complications following total hip replacements. Five hundred and fifty patients who underwent primary total hip replacement were recruited. All these patients were subjected to a pre-operative assessment and follow-up at 6 weeks and 1 year following surgery. Any complications occurring during this period were recorded. Complications were grouped into systemic and local, both subdivided into minor and major depending on the risk involved. Fifty-six patients (10.2%) had an early complication following hip replacement surgery. Forty-four patients (8%) had a major local complication. Overall, there did seem to be a weak correlation between BMI and the rate of complications, with a p value of 0.104. A correlation was also found between the surgeon and presence of complications with a p value of 0.736. There is a weak correlation between BMI and early complications following hip replacement surgery, and there also seems to be a correlation between the operating surgeon and early complications, but this is not statistically significant.Résumé Le propos de ce travail est d'évaluer la relation du BMI et des complications précoces pour les prothèses totales de hanche. Méthode: 550 patients ayant bénéficié d'une prothèse totale de hanche ont été évalués. Tous ces patients ont été analysés en préopératoire et à six semaines et un an de recul, après l'intervention. Toutes les complications survenant durant cette période ont été analysées. Les complications ont été groupées en complications générales et complications locales de même elles ont été également divisées en complications mineures et majeures. Résultat: 10.2% des patients (n=56) ont présenté une complication précoce après prothèse totale de hanche, 8% (n=44) ont présenté une complication majeure. Le BMI semble être en corrélation avec le taux des complications de même une corrélation a été trouvée également entre le chirurgien et les complications. En conclusion: le BMI a une corrélation avec les complications précoces après prothèse totale de hanche. Il en est de même en ce qui concerne l'équipe chirurgicale mais pas de façon satistiquement significative.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of body mass index to early complications in hip replacement surgery

Patel

Albrizio

2006

International Orthopaedics (SICO

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“…However, leptin resistance also develops with age independent of diet, and multiple studies have used aging as a model to identify mechanisms of leptin resistance (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Such studies frequently focus on animals at advanced ages, such as rats older than 1 or even 2 yr of age (11)(12)(13), despite the fact that increases in the predisposition to obesity occur much earlier in life, particularly during the transition from youth to middle age (14,15). Therefore, focusing on the cellular mechanisms underlying the development of leptin resistance within this earlier time frame may provide unique insight into the initial events contributing to the development of leptin resistance.…”

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confidence: 99%

Increased Hypothalamic Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Contributes to Leptin Resistance with Age

et al. 2007

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Animals at advanced ages exhibit a reduction in central leptin sensitivity. However, changes in growth, metabolism, and obesity risk occur much earlier in life, particularly during the transition from youth to middle age. To determine when initial decreases in central leptin sensitivity occur, leptin-dependent suppression of food intake was tested in 8-, 12-, and 20-wk-old male, chow-fed Sprague Dawley rats. Intracerebroventricular leptin injection (3 g) suppressed 24-h food intake in 8-and 12-wk-old rats (P < 0.05) but not 20-wk-old rats. To identify potential cellular mediators of this resistance, we focused on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a recently described inhibitor of leptin signaling. PTP1B protein levels, as determined by Western blot, were significantly higher in mediobasal hypothalamic punches collected from 20-wk-old rats, compared with 8-wk-old rats (P < 0.05). When 20-wk-old rats were fasted for 24 h, levels of hypothalamic PTP1B decreased (P < 0.05), coincident with a restoration of leptin sensitivity. To directly test whether inhibition of PTP1B restores leptin sensitivity, 20-wk-old chow-fed rats were pretreated with a pharmacological PTP1B inhibitor 1 h before leptin, and 24-h food intake was recorded. As expected, leptin alone produced a small but nonsignificant reduction in food intake. However, pretreatment with the PTP1B inhibitor resulted in a marked improvement in leptin-dependent suppression of food intake (P < 0.05). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that increases in PTP1B contribute to hypothalamic leptin resistance as rats transition into middle age. (Endocrinology 148: 433-440, 2007)

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“…This approach has inevitably come in for criticism because it ignores factors relating to lifestyle and the environment that might influence future mortality trends. On the other hand, another group of demographers (e.g., Olshansky et al [5][6][7], Mizuno et al [8], and Loladze [9]) have suggested that future life expectancy might level off or even decline due to factors such as obesity and decreased food-derived health benefits associated with higher levels of atmospheric CO 2 . But even demographers (e.g., de Grey [10]) critical of the extrapolative forecasting approach adopted by Vaupel still accept the possibility that scientific advances and the socio-political responses to them might lead to substantial increases in life expectancy over the next century.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Myth of Methuselah and the Uncertainty of Death: The Mortality Fan Charts

Dowd

Blake²,

Cairns

2016

Risks

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This paper uses mortality fan charts to illustrate prospective future male mortality. These fan charts show both the most likely path of male mortality and the bands of uncertainty surrounding that path. The fan charts are based on a model of male mortality that is known to provide a good fit to UK mortality data. The fan charts suggest that there are clear limits to longevity-that future mortality rates are very uncertain and tend to become more uncertain the further ahead the forecast-and that forecasts of future mortality uncertainty must also take account of uncertainty in the parameters of the underlying mortality model.

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Obesity Over the Life Course

Cited by 35 publications

References 70 publications

Relationship of body mass index to early complications in hip replacement surgery

Relationship of body mass index to early complications in hip replacement surgery

Increased Hypothalamic Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Contributes to Leptin Resistance with Age

The Myth of Methuselah and the Uncertainty of Death: The Mortality Fan Charts

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