Obesity, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Adipocytokines Network in Promotion of Cancer

Divella, Rosa; Mazzocca, Antonio; Daniele, Antonella; Sabbá, Carlo; Paradiso, Angelo

doi:10.7150/ijbs.29599

Cited by 129 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The prevalence of NAFLD is about 50-90% in obese subjects. 19 The pooled prevalence of NAFLD in patients with T2DM is 59.67% (95% confidence interval (CI): 54.31-64.92%) according to a meta-analysis of 24 studies. 20 The growing epidemic of obesity and T2DM have fueled an increasing prevalence of NAFLD worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 The growing epidemic of obesity and T2DM have fueled an increasing prevalence of NAFLD worldwide. [19][20][21][22][23] Moreover, obesity and T2DM also increase the risk of NAFLD progression to NASH, cirrhosis, and HCC. 22,23 In Asia, NAFLD can occur in lean subjects with central obesity, which may be partly because of a higher metabolic activity of visceral fat and genetic predisposition, such as the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) polymorphism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Growing Burden, Adverse Outcomes and Associations

Kumar¹,

Priyadarshi²,

Anand³

2019

Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology

115

123

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a systemic disorder with a complex multifactorial pathogenesis and heterogenous clinical manifestations. NAFLD, once believed to be an innocuous condition, has now become the most common cause of chronic liver disease in many countries worldwide. NAFLD is already highly prevalent in the general population, and owing to a rising incidence of obesity and diabetes mellitus, the incidence of NAFLD and its impact on global healthcare are expected to increase in the future. A subset of patients with NAFLD develops progressive liver disease leading to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. NAFLD has emerged as one of the leading causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in recent years. Moreover, HCC can occur in NAFLD even in absence of cirrhosis. Compared with the general population, NAFLD increases the risk of liverrelated, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. NAFLD is bidirectionally associated with metabolic syndrome. NAFLD increases the risk and contributes to aggravation of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. In addition, NAFLD is linked to colorectal polyps, polycystic ovarian syndrome, osteoporosis, obstructive sleep apnea, stroke, and various extrahepatic malignancies. Extended resection of steatotic liver is associated with increased risk of liver failure and mortality. There is an increasing trend of NAFLDrelated cirrhosis requiring liver transplantation, and the recurrence of NAFLD in such patients is almost universal. This review discusses the growing burden of NAFLD, its outcomes, and adverse associations with various diseases. Citation of this article: Kumar R, Priyadarshi RN, Anand U. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Growing burden, adverse outcomes and associations. Global burden and rising prevalenceAccording to current estimate, the global prevalence of NAFLD among the general population may be as high as one billion. 2 In a recent meta-analysis of 86 studies, 76

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Growing Burden, Adverse Outcomes and Associations

Kumar¹,

Priyadarshi²,

Anand³

2019

Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology

115

123

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“…The combination of constant metabolic activity and regular exposure to proinflammatory factors contributes to the state of chronic low-level inflammation of this organ [12]. Disruptions of this close immuno-metabolic interaction are associated with pathological inflammation that can lead to liver fibrosis, cancer, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity and other chronic diseases [207][208][209][210].…”

Section: Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunometabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus: tissue-specific interactions

2020

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The immune system is frequently described in the context of its protective function against infections and its role in the development of autoimmunity. For more than a decade, the interactions between the immune system and metabolic processes have been reported, in effect creating a new research field, termed immunometabolism. Accumulating evidence supports the hypo thesis that the development of metabolic diseases may be linked to inflammation, and reflects, in some cases, the activation of immune responses. As such, immunometabolism is defined by 1) inflammation as a driver of disease development and/or 2) metabolic processes stimulating cellular differentiation of the immune components. In this review, the main factors capable of altering the immuno-metabolic communication leading to the development and establishment of obesity and diabetes are comprehensively presented. Tissue-specific immune responses suggested to impair metabolic processes are described, with an emphasis on the adipose tissue, gut, muscle, liver, and pancreas.

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“…75 NAFLD represents a new emerging risk factor for the onset of liver and extra-hepatic carcinogenesis, characterized by impaired production of adipocytokines which, in turn, favor an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, further contributing to the microenvironment favorable to the development of cancer. 76 Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare linked database between 2004 and 2009 showed that NAFLD represented the third most common cause of HCC, after hepatitis C and alcohol-related disease diagnosed in 14.1% of the patients with HCC. 77 However, to date, the prevalence of NAFLD in the general population is increasing especially in developed countries.…”

Section: The Role Of Iron Overloadmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Thalassemia and hepatocellular carcinoma: links and risks</p>

Marsella

Ricchi²

2019

JBM

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The increased survival and lifespan of thalassemia patients, in the setting of better iron overload monitoring and chelation, have also however increased the incidence of diseases and complications, which were less likely to develop. Among these, one of the most worrying in recent years is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Due to blood transfusions, many patients with thalassemia are or have been infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV), especially those born before the 1990s or in countries in which universal HBV vaccination and safe blood programs are still not completely implemented. However, HCC has also been described in nontransfused patients and in those who are HCVand HBV-negative. Therefore, other risk factors are involved in hepatocarcinogenesis in thalassemia. The following review analyzes recent literature on the role of different risk factors in the progression of liver disease in thalassemia as well as the importance of surveillance. Treatment of HCC in thalassemia is still highly debated and requires further studies.

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Obesity, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Adipocytokines Network in Promotion of Cancer

Cited by 129 publications

References 64 publications

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Growing Burden, Adverse Outcomes and Associations

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Growing Burden, Adverse Outcomes and Associations

Immunometabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus: tissue-specific interactions

<p>Thalassemia and hepatocellular carcinoma: links and risks</p>

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