Obesity management in women of reproductive age

Andreu, Alba; Casals, Gemma; Vinagre, Irene; Flores, Lílliam

doi:10.1016/j.endien.2022.11.015

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…One of the first strategies of intervention is to promote healthy habits through lifestyle changes, which combine dietary interventions and physical exercise during these periods and show maternal-fetal benefits [93]. In fact, a maternal high-fat diet (60% kcal from fat) was shown to induce dysregulation of offspring liver glucose metabolism in mice through a mechanism involving increased reactive oxygen species, carbonylation and inactivation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase, leading to decreased H3K4me3 at the promoters of glucose metabolic genes, and all were counteracted when the high-fat diet-fed dams exercised during pregnancy [94].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Maternal Exposure to a Diet High in Fats and Cholesterol on the Placental Function and Phenotype of the Offspring in a Rabbit Model: A Summary Review of About 15 Years of Research

Rousseau-Ralliard,

Chavatte-Palmer,

Couturier-Tarrade

2023

IJMS

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The rates of obesity and being overweight are increasing all around the world, especially among women of childbearing age, in part due to overconsumption of lipids. The aim of this summary review was to present the cellular and molecular effects of a hyperlipidic high-cholesterol (H) diet on the maternal and offspring phenotype at the early embryonic, neonatal, weaning and adult stages while considering the effects of sex and to identify the window(s) of vulnerability linked to this exposure in a rabbit model. Before breeding, the H diet induced dyslipidemia and aortic atherosclerosis lesions and increased the number of atretic follicles. In the offspring, the H diet disrupted the embryonic phenotype and induced fetal hypotrophy associated with sex-specific disturbances of the feto-placental unit. In adulthood, the offspring of the H dams were heavier and hyperphagic and had increased blood pressure associated with disturbed gonadal development in both sexes. Vulnerability windows were explored via embryo transfers. The maternal gestational diet was shown to play a key role in the feto-placental phenotype, and preconception programming was unquestionably also observed. These two periods could represent windows of intervention in the context of obesity or being overweight to limit fetal and placental consequences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Maternal Exposure to a Diet High in Fats and Cholesterol on the Placental Function and Phenotype of the Offspring in a Rabbit Model: A Summary Review of About 15 Years of Research

Rousseau-Ralliard,

Chavatte-Palmer,

Couturier-Tarrade

2023

IJMS

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“…Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 147 2 of 14 a trend that can be observed worldwide [6][7][8]. The proportion of overweight and obese pregnant women is between 7 and 25% [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Higher Than Recommended Gestational Weight Gain on Fetal Growth and Perinatal Risk Factors—The IOM Criteria Reconsidered

Kirchengast,

Fellner,

Haury

et al. 2024

IJERPH

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A too-high gestational weight gain, in combination with steadily increasing obesity rates among women of reproductive age, represents an enormous obstetrical problem, as obesity and high gestational weight gain are associated with enhanced fetal growth, low vital parameters, and increased cesarean section rates. This medical record-based study investigates the association patterns between too-low as well as too-high gestational weight gain, according to the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines, and fetal growth, as well as birth mode and pregnancy outcome. The data of 11,755 singleton births that had taken place between 2010 and 2020 at the Public Clinic Donaustadt in Vienna, Austria, were analyzed. Birth weight, birth length, head circumference, APGAR scores, and pH values of the arterial umbilical cord blood described fetal growth as well as the vital parameters after birth. Gestational weight gain was classified as too low, recommended, or too high according to the different weight status categories of the IOM guidelines. Birth weight, birth length, and head circumference of the newborn were significantly increased (p < 0.001) among underweight, normal-weight, and overweight women who gained more weight than recommended. Among obese women, only birthweight was significantly (p < 0.001) higher among women who gained more weight than recommended. Furthermore, a too-high gestational weight gain was significantly associated with an increased risk of macrosomia and emergency cesarean sections among underweight, normal-weight, and overweight women, but not among obese ones. Obese and morbidly obese women experiencing excessive gestational weight gain showed no significantly increased risk of macrosomia or emergency cesarean section. However, among obese mothers, a too-low gestational weight gain reduced the risk of emergency cesarean sections significantly (p = 0.010). Consequently, the IOM recommendations for gestational weight gain fit only partly for pregnant women in Austria. In the case of obese and morbidly obese women, new guidelines for optimal pregnancy weight gain should be considered.

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“…With a steady increase in the rates of obesity and age at the time of conception, 5 , 6 the number of women with ODiP is likely to increase. This rise can impose enormous pressure on human and economic resources of the health care system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiometabolic profile of women with a history of overt diabetes compared to gestational diabetes and normoglycemia in index pregnancy: Results from CHIP‐F study

Gupta,

Goyal,

Ambekar

et al. 2023

Journal of Diabetes

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PurposeWe aimed to evaluate the prevalence of postpartum diabetes among women with a history of overt diabetes in pregnancy (ODiP) and compare with women having a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and normoglycemia in pregnancy.MethodsWe have an established longitudinal cohort of postpartum women with a history of hyperglycemia (preexisting diabetes [PED] [n = 101], ODiP [n = 92], GDM [n = 643]), and normoglycemia (n = 183) in pregnancy. For this study, we excluded women with PED and invited other eligible women in a fasting state for clinical and biochemical evaluation.ResultsWe evaluated 918 women with a mean (SD) age of 33.6 (5.0) years and at a median (interquartile range) postpartum interval of 31 (20–45) months. Diabetes was diagnosed in 65 (70.7%) women in ODiP compared to 99 (15.4%) in GDM (p < .001) and 4 (2.2%) in normoglycemia group (p < .001). In the ODiP group, the prevalence of diabetes was 47.4% among women tested in the first year postpartum, increasing to 86.8% among women tested at >3 years postpartum. Diabetes was more common when ODiP was diagnosed in the first (27/29, 93.1%) compared to the second trimester of pregnancy (35/57, 61.4%). The adjusted odds ratio for diabetes in ODiP was 14.82 (95% confidence interval, 8.49–25.87; p < .001; reference category: GDM).ConclusionsThe prevalence of postpartum diabetes was significantly higher in women with ODiP compared to GDM. Nearly 50% of women with ODiP did not develop diabetes in the first year of follow‐up, especially when ODiP was diagnosed after the first trimester of pregnancy and on the basis of a 2‐h oral glucose tolerance test value. Such women are amenable to prevention strategies.

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Obesity management in women of reproductive age

Cited by 5 publications

References 39 publications

The Effect of Maternal Exposure to a Diet High in Fats and Cholesterol on the Placental Function and Phenotype of the Offspring in a Rabbit Model: A Summary Review of About 15 Years of Research

The Effect of Maternal Exposure to a Diet High in Fats and Cholesterol on the Placental Function and Phenotype of the Offspring in a Rabbit Model: A Summary Review of About 15 Years of Research

The Impact of Higher Than Recommended Gestational Weight Gain on Fetal Growth and Perinatal Risk Factors—The IOM Criteria Reconsidered

Cardiometabolic profile of women with a history of overt diabetes compared to gestational diabetes and normoglycemia in index pregnancy: Results from CHIP‐F study

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