Obesity is positively related and tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption are negatively related to an increased risk of thyroid cancer

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships of smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity with thyroid cancer in Korean residents. The Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort includes individuals ≥ 40 years who were assessed from 2002 to 2013. In total, 4977 thyroid cancer participants were matched with respect to age, sex, income, and region of residence with 19,908 controls at a ratio of 1:4. Crude and adjusted (for the Charlson comorbidity index, smoking status, frequency of alcohol consumption, and obesity) odds ratios (ORs) were analyzed using conditional logistic regression analyses. Additionally, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The adjusted OR of smoking for thyroid cancer was 0.62 (95% CI 0.54–0.72, P < 0.001), and that of alcohol consumption was 0.83 (95% CI 0.75–0.92, P < 0.001). The adjusted ORs of the BMI categories were 1.13 (95% CI 1.05–1.22, P = 0.002) for obese I, and 1.24 (95% CI 1.04–1.47, P = 0.014) for obese II. The ORs of smoking and alcohol consumption were lower, and those of overweight and obesity were higher in thyroid cancer patients than in individuals in the control group.

National cohort and meteorological data based nested case–control study on the association between air pollution exposure and thyroid cancer

“…The diagnosis of thyroid cancer was referred to as participants with ICD-10 code C73 (malignant neoplasm of the thyroid gland) and treatment claim codes for thyroidectomy (P4551, P4552, P4553, P4554, and P4561) 6 , 7 .…”

“…Researchers have postulated that overidentification or overdiagnosis of clinically occult, asymptomatic tumors as well as recent advancements in diagnostic technologies are responsible for the increase 4 , 5 . However, it is likely that other factors, such as environmental factors, lifestyle, family history and comorbidities, have significant roles in thyroid cancer development 6 , 7 .…”

Association Between Different Obesity Patterns and the Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Adults in Eastern China: A Cross-Sectional Study

“… 23 Another study showed that obesity was highly related to tobacco smoking. 24 Active and passive smoking are typically accompanied by increased weight, and smokers tend to be either obese or overweight. Furthermore, in our study, people with abdominal obesity were more likely to partake in smoking (38.9%); therefore, smoking may influence the development of metabolic disorders and induce the abnormal distribution of fat.…”

Association between Thyroid Cancer and Weight Change: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study

“…The Institutional Review Board waived the requirement for written informed consent. A detailed description of the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort data is provided elsewhere [ 18 ].…”