Obesity is associated with reduced orbitofrontal cortex volume: A coordinate-based meta-analysis

Chen, Eric; Eickhoff, Simon B.; Giovannetti, Tania; Smith, David V.

doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102420

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…Although lower global gray matter volume has consistently been observed in individuals with high BMI compared to non-obese control individuals, there has been some controversy on the specific brain regions affected by obesity. In this study we focused on regions of interest (ROIs), which were recently identified in meta-analytic studies 12 , 13 , which are functionally closely interconnected and which are linked to eating behavior. Specifically, the OFC is related to impulse control 33 , reward 34 , food visual 35 as well as taste 36 cues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent meta-analysis by Chen et al study showed BMI-associated decrease in GMV in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), a region which also showed strong responses to visual and olfactory food cues 12 . Still, findings of another meta-analyses by Garcia-Garcia et al emphasized the involvement of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) 13 in the relation between increased BMI and reduced gray matter volumes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To overcome these shortcomings, we examined the effects of increased BMI values on various structural brain parameters—cortical thickness, volume, surface area—analyzed these parameters in two regions of interest—the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex (AC-PFC)—areas which were recently identified in meta-analytic studies 12 , 13 , are functionally closely interconnected and which are linked to eating behavior, and assessed them twice across a time period 4.9 years on average in a large and well-characterized general-population sample. Specifically, we sought to determine whether increased BMI values can predict future reductions in structural brain parameters and vice versa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body mass index but not genetic risk is longitudinally associated with altered structural brain parameters

Tüngler

Auwera

Wittfeld

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Evidence from previous studies suggests that elevated body mass index (BMI) and genetic risk for obesity is associated with reduced brain volume, particularly in areas of reward-related cognition, e.g. the medial prefrontal cortex (AC-MPFC), the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the striatum and the thalamus. However, only few studies examined the interplay between these factors in a joint approach. Moreover, previous findings are based on cross-sectional data. We investigated the longitudinal relationship between increased BMI, brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters and genetic risk scores in a cohort of n = 502 community-dwelling participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) with a mean follow-up-time of 4.9 years. We found that (1) increased BMI values at baseline were associated with decreased brain parameters at follow-up. These effects were particularly pronounced for the OFC and AC-MPFC. (2) The genetic predisposition for BMI had no effect on brain parameters at baseline or follow-up. (3) The interaction between the genetic score for BMI and brain parameters had no effect on BMI at baseline. Finding a significant impact of overweight, but not genetic predisposition for obesity on altered brain structure suggests that metabolic mechanisms may underlie the relationship between obesity and altered brain structure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body mass index but not genetic risk is longitudinally associated with altered structural brain parameters

Tüngler

Auwera

Wittfeld

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In addition, smaller GM volumes may cause obesity. The previous meta-analysis revealed that obesity is associated with reduced orbitofrontal cortex volume [ 27 ]. The orbitofrontal cortex is considered to play an important role in decision making [ 28 ] and neural circuits of feeding [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Obesity, Blood Pressure, and Blood Metabolic Biomarkers on Grey Matter Brain Healthcare Quotient: A Large Cohort Study of a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Brain Screening System in Japan

Watanabe

Kakeda

Nemoto

et al. 2022

JCM

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This study investigated the relationship between grey matter (GM) volume and blood biomarkers, blood pressure, and obesity. We aimed to elucidate lifestyle factors that promote GM volume loss. A total of 1799 participants underwent the brain dock as a medical checkup. Data regarding blood pressure, obesity measurements, and standard blood biomarkers were obtained. Further, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including high-resolution T1-weighted imaging, was performed. We calculated the grey matter brain healthcare quotient (GM-BHQ), which represents GM volume as a deviation value. After adjusting for confounding variables, multiple regression analysis revealed that body mass index (BMI) (b = −0.28, p < 0.001), gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GTP) (b = −0.01, p = 0.16), and fasting blood glucose (b = −0.02, p = 0.049) were significantly correlated with GM-BHQ. Although the current cross-sectional study cannot determine a cause-and-effect relationship, elevated BMI, γ-GTP, and fasting blood glucose could promote GM volume loss.

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“…For instance, obesity-induced low-grade inflammation ( Lasselin et al, 2016 ; Shields et al, 2017 ) and elevated insulin resistance ( Kim and Feldman, 2015 ) might lead to neuroinflammation of the central nervous system ( Guillemot-Legris and Muccioli, 2017 ). Additionally, obesity has been associated with reduced cortical gray matters in the orbitofrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, hippocampus, and anterior cingulate cortex ( Raji et al, 2010 ; Herrmann et al, 2019 ; Chen et al, 2020 ), reduced cortical activities in the orbitofrontal cortex and medial prefrontal cortices ( Tuulari et al, 2015 ; Zhang et al, 2015 ), as well as the altered bilateral orbitofrontal cortex and interhemispheric functional connectivity ( Zhao et al, 2021 ; Song et al, 2022 ). The evidence suggests the negative linkages between obesity, structural and functional brain alternation, and cognitive function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Obesity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Relation to Cognitive Flexibility: An Event-Related Potential Study

Song

Chu

Nien

et al. 2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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This study investigates an association between obesity and cardiorespiratory fitness concerning their potential effects on cognitive flexibility in young adults from behavioral and neuroelectrical perspectives. Eligible young adults (N = 140, 18–25 years) were assigned into one of four groups, according to their status of obesity (i.e., body mass index) and cardiorespiratory fitness levels (i.e., estimated maximal oxygen uptake), namely, normal weight with high cardiorespiratory fitness (NH), obese with high cardiorespiratory fitness (OH), normal weight with low cardiorespiratory fitness (NL), and obese with low cardiorespiratory fitness (OL). The task-switching test was utilized, and its induced endogenous (P3) and exogenous (N1) event-related potential components were recorded. Concerning behavioral indices, the NH demonstrated superior behavioral performance across global switching and local switching of the task-switching test compared to individuals with lower cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity (i.e., NL, OH, and OL). Additionally, the OH demonstrated better performance than the OL during the heterogeneous condition. For neuroelectrical indices, the NH had larger mean P3 amplitudes during global and local switching than the other three groups. A larger N1 amplitude was also observed in the NH during local switching than in the OH group. The findings suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness has beneficial effects on cognitive flexibility, attentional resource allocation, and sensory evaluation in young adults. Furthermore, our research provided novel evidence showing that cardiorespiratory fitness might potentially alleviate the adverse effects of obesity on cognitive flexibility in young adults.

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Obesity is associated with reduced orbitofrontal cortex volume: A coordinate-based meta-analysis

Cited by 25 publications

References 112 publications

Body mass index but not genetic risk is longitudinally associated with altered structural brain parameters

Body mass index but not genetic risk is longitudinally associated with altered structural brain parameters

Effects of Obesity, Blood Pressure, and Blood Metabolic Biomarkers on Grey Matter Brain Healthcare Quotient: A Large Cohort Study of a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Brain Screening System in Japan

The Association of Obesity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Relation to Cognitive Flexibility: An Event-Related Potential Study

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